Structure and mechanism of purine-binding riboswitches.
Structure and mechanism of purine-binding riboswitches.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0033583512000078
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发表时间：
2012-08
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Batey, Robert T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Batey, Robert T.
核糖开关是一种非蛋白质编码序列，它能够在无需辅助蛋白帮助的情况下直接结合小分子效应物，从而调控其所在的信使核糖核酸（mRNA）的表达。目前，在细菌中已验证了20多种不同类别的核糖开关，而且有望发现更多类别，这使它们成为细菌界基因组调控的一种重要手段。引人注目的是，已知的核糖开关中有一半能识别含有嘌呤或相关部分的效应物化合物。在过去十年中，在确定核糖开关如何在众多其他类似的细胞代谢物的背景下特异性识别这些化合物，并将该信号转化为调控反应方面取得了重大进展。在已知的核糖开关中，包含鸟嘌呤、腺嘌呤和2’ - 脱氧鸟苷结合类别的嘌呤家族是研究最为广泛的，它们作为一种简单而有用的范例，有助于理解这些调控核糖核酸的功能。本综述全面总结了有关这些核糖开关的结构和机制的现有知识状况，并深入探讨了它们如何可被用作治疗靶点和新型生物传感器。
A riboswitch is a non-protein coding sequence capable of directly binding a small molecule effector without the assistance of accessory proteins to regulate expression of the mRNA in which it is embedded. Currently, over 20 different classes of riboswitches have been validated in bacteria with the promise of many more to come, making them an important means of regulation of the genome in the bacterial kingdom. Strikingly, half of the known riboswitches recognize effector compounds that contain a purine or related moiety. In the last decade significant progress has been made to determine how riboswitches specifically recognize these compounds against the background of many other similar cellular metabolites and transduce this signal into a regulatory response. Of the known riboswitches, the purine family containing guanine, adenine, and 2’-deoxyguanosine binding classes are the most extensively studied, serving as a simple and useful paradigm for understanding how these regulatory RNAs function. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current state of knowledge regarding the structure and mechanism of these riboswitches, as well as insights into how they might be exploited as therapeutic targets and novel biosensors.