An Open Science Approach to Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare.
An Open Science Approach to Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare.
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DOI：
10.1055/s-0039-1677898
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发表时间：
2019-08-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kobayashi, Shinji
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Paton, Chris;Kobayashi, Shinji
人工智能（AI）为改善医疗保健提供了巨大的潜力。本文讨论了人工智能工具开发、数据共享、教育和研究的“开放科学”方法如何支持人工智能系统的临床应用。为了响应参与2019年国际医学信息学协会（IMIA）年鉴关于医疗保健中人工智能的主题问题的呼吁，IMIA开源工作组对最近与医疗保健领域的开放科学和人工智能相关的文献进行了快速审查，并讨论了开放科学方法如何有助于克服人们对采用结果：最近的文献表明，人工智能系统开发的开放科学方法已经确立。人工智能社区的软件开发、数据共享、教育和研究生态系统总体上采用了开放的科学精神，这推动了最近的大部分创新和新人工智能技术的采用。然而，在医疗保健领域，采用可能会受到使用“黑箱”人工智能系统的抑制，其中只有这些系统的输入和输出被理解，临床有效性和实施研究缺失。随着基于人工智能的数据分析和临床决策支持系统开始在世界各地的医疗保健系统中实施，具有安全意识的卫生保健决策者可能需要临床有效性和作用机制的进一步公开，以确保它们在真实的世界使用中是临床有效的。
OBJECTIVES: Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers significant potential for improving healthcare. This paper discusses how an "open science" approach to AI tool development, data sharing, education, and research can support the clinical adoption of AI systems.METHOD: In response to the call for participation for the 2019 International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) Yearbook theme issue on AI in healthcare, the IMIA Open Source Working Group conducted a rapid review of recent literature relating to open science and AI in healthcare and discussed how an open science approach could help overcome concerns about the adoption of new AI technology in healthcare settings.RESULTS: The recent literature reveals that open science approaches to AI system development are well established. The ecosystem of software development, data sharing, education, and research in the AI community has, in general, adopted an open science ethos that has driven much of the recent innovation and adoption of new AI techniques. However, within the healthcare domain, adoption may be inhibited by the use of "black-box" AI systems, where only the inputs and outputs of those systems are understood, and clinical effectiveness and implementation studies are missing.CONCLUSIONS: As AI-based data analysis and clinical decision support systems begin to be implemented in healthcare systems around the world, further openness of clinical effectiveness and mechanisms of action may be required by safety-conscious healthcare policy-makers to ensure they are clinically effective in real world use.