Effects of shell morphology on mechanics of zebra and quagga mussel locomotion
Effects of shell morphology on mechanics of zebra and quagga mussel locomotion
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.053348
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发表时间：
2011-07
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Suzanne M Peyer;J. Hermanson;C. Lee
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Suzanne M Peyer;J. Hermanson;C. Lee
摘要 虽然斑马贻贝 (Dreissena polymorpha) 最初定居在北美五大湖的浅水栖息地，但斑驴贻贝 (Dreissena bugensis) 正在成为浅水和深水栖息地的主导地位。斑马、浅斑斑驳和深斑斑贻贝的贝壳形态有所不同，但这种差异的功能后果尚不清楚。我们研究了硬质（浅层生境的典型特征）和软质（深层生境的特征）沉积基质上三种形态类型的贝壳形态对运动的影响。我们使用极惯性矩来量化形态，极惯性矩是用于计算描述壳面积分布和旋转阻力的动能的参数。我们通过确定旋转动能 (Krot) 与平动动能 (Ktrans) 的比率来量化贻贝的运动。在硬基质上，深斑斑贻贝的 Krot:Ktrans 是其他形态类型的四倍，表明旋转相对于平移的能量消耗更大。在软基质上，深斑斑贻贝的 Krot:Ktrans 约为硬基质上的三分之一，表明软基质上旋转的能量消耗较低。总体而言，我们的研究表明，贝壳形态与形态类型之间的运动差异（即 Krot：Ktrans）相关。尽管深斑驳贻贝在沉积基质上的能量消耗方面与斑马和浅斑斑贻贝相似，但它们的形态对于硬质基质上的线性运动在能量上不适应。由于斑驴贻贝可以拥有两种不同的形态类型（即浅形态和深形态），因此它们可能比斑马贻贝更有效地利用更广泛的基质，从而潜在地增强它们在更广泛的栖息地定居的能力。
SUMMARY Although zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) initially colonized shallow habitats within the North American Great Lakes, quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis) are becoming dominant in both shallow- and deep-water habitats. Shell morphology differs among zebra, shallow quagga and deep quagga mussels but functional consequences of such differences are unknown. We examined effects of shell morphology on locomotion for the three morphotypes on hard (typical of shallow habitats) and soft (characteristic of deep habitats) sedimentary substrates. We quantified morphology using the polar moment of inertia, a parameter used in calculating kinetic energy that describes shell area distribution and resistance to rotation. We quantified mussel locomotion by determining the ratio of rotational (Krot) to translational kinetic energy (Ktrans). On hard substrate, Krot:Ktrans of deep quagga mussels was fourfold greater than for the other morphotypes, indicating greater energy expenditure in rotation relative to translation. On soft substrate, Krot:Ktrans of deep quagga mussels was approximately one-third of that on hard substrate, indicating lower energy expenditure in rotation on soft substrate. Overall, our study demonstrates that shell morphology correlates with differences in locomotion (i.e. Krot:Ktrans) among morphotypes. Although deep quagga mussels were similar to zebra and shallow quagga mussels in terms of energy expenditure on sedimentary substrate, their morphology was energetically maladaptive for linear movement on hard substrate. As quagga mussels can possess two distinct morphotypes (i.e. shallow and deep morphs), they might more effectively utilize a broader range of substrates than zebra mussels, potentially enhancing their ability to colonize a wider range of habitats.