A Longitudinal Study
A Longitudinal Study
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发表时间：
2013
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通讯作者：
Maja O’Connor
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作者：
Maja O’Connor
在配偶丧亲后，复杂的悲痛反应相对常见。老年配偶丧失是一种可能的创伤性应激源，然而，创伤后应激障碍作为这种丧失的可能并发症在这一人群中很少被探索。这项研究旨在调查在丧失亲人的前18个月中，老年丧失亲人的人患创伤后应激障碍的频率。此外，还研究了与丧亲过程的四个领域相关的预测丧亲结果的风险因素。数据是通过测量创伤应激(HTQ)、应对方式(CSQ)、危机支持(CSS)和个性(例如NEO-FFI)的自我报告问卷收集的。失去亲人的老年人(N=296，平均=73岁)分别在丢失后2、6、13和18个月参与研究。对照组包括已婚老年人，他们至少经历过一次重大损失(N=276，平均=70岁)。丧偶组中的创伤后应激障碍的发生率(16%)高于对照组(4%)，并且随着时间的推移保持稳定。当前分析中包括的每个单独领域都是丢失18个月后创伤后应激障碍的预测因子。大多数预测指标在一段时间内保持稳定。对这四个领域的分层回归分析预测了49%的方差，表明这些领域之间存在相当大的重叠。只有一个预测指标，即早期创伤后痛苦，仍然显著。结果证实，在老年时失去配偶对一些人来说是痛苦的，而且在失去配偶后的前18个月内，这种损失的影响仍然存在。因此，这些结果强调了进一步调查丧失亲人的老年人的创伤后应激障碍的重要性。
Complicated grief reactions are relatively common following spousal bereavement. Old age spousal loss qualifies as a possible traumatic stressor, however, PTSD as a possible complication of the loss has rarely been explored in this population. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of PTSD in elderly bereaved people across the first 18 months of bereavement. Additionally, risk factors for the prediction of bereavement outcome in relation to four domains of the bereavement process were investigated. Data was collected via self-report questionnaires measuring traumatic stress (HTQ), coping style (CSQ), crisis support (CSS), and personality (e.g. NEO-FFI). Elderly bereaved people (N=296, Mean=73 years) participated at two, six, 13, and 18 months post loss. The comparison group consisted of married elderly people who had experienced at least one significant loss (N=276, Mean=70 years). The frequency of PTSD within the spousal bereaved group was high (16%) compared to the comparison group (4%) and remained stable across time. Each individual domain included in the current analysis was a predictor of PTSD 18 months post loss. Most predictors remained stable across time. A hierarchical regression analysis of the four domains predicted 49% of the variance, indicating a considerable overlap between the domains. Only one predictor, early posttraumatic distress, remained significant. The results confirm that loss of a spouse in old age is traumatic for some and that the effects of the loss remain over the first 18 months post loss. The results therefore underline the importance of further investigation into PTSD in the elderly bereaved.