Skeletal muscle homeostasis and plasticity in youth and ageing: impact of nutrition and exercise.
Skeletal muscle homeostasis and plasticity in youth and ageing: impact of nutrition and exercise.
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DOI：
10.1111/apha.12532
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发表时间：
2016-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Atherton PJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brook MS;Wilkinson DJ;Phillips BE;Perez-Schindler J;Philp A;Smith K;Atherton PJ
骨骼肌占全身质量的很大一部分，是运动和代谢健康的组成部分。随着年龄的增长，肌肉质量和功能（例如，力量相关性能，功率）下降，肌肉功能的下降在数量上超过肌肉体积的下降。这些下降背后的机制是多方面的，涉及内在的年龄相关的代谢失调和环境影响，如营养和体力活动。衰老与对这些关键环境输入的一定程度的“合成代谢抵抗”有关，这可能会加速推动衰老的内在过程。在此基础上，敏感和/或促进对营养和体力活动的合成代谢反应的策略可能是缓解肌肉减少症进展和轨迹的必要条件。阻力型和有氧型运动都可能在老年人中带来功能和健康益处，一系列研究表明，通过优化肌肉负荷模式（工作量，体积，血流限制）或营养支持（例如必需氨基酸/亮氨酸）模式的修改，可以增强对运动和/或营养的合成代谢反应。尽管如此，还需要开展更多的工作，在老龄化研究中考虑到更全面的观点。这应包括改善老年研究对象的特征，即体力活动/营养行为，以限制影响结果是否归因于年龄或其他环境影响的混杂变量。尽管如此，总的来说，衰老与肌肉质量和功能的下降以及有氧能力的部分相关下降有关。还有很好的证据表明，代谢灵活性在老年人中受损。
Skeletal muscles comprise a substantial portion of whole body mass and are integral for locomotion and metabolic health. Increasing age is associated with declines in both muscle mass and function (e.g. strength‐related performance, power) with declines in muscle function quantitatively outweighing those in muscle volume. The mechanisms behind these declines are multi‐faceted involving both intrinsic age‐related metabolic dysregulation and environmental influences such as nutritional and physical activity. Ageing is associated with a degree of ‘anabolic resistance’ to these key environmental inputs, which likely accelerates the intrinsic processes driving ageing. On this basis, strategies to sensitize and/or promote anabolic responses to nutrition and physical activity are likely to be imperative in alleviating the progression and trajectory of sarcopenia. Both resistance‐ and aerobic‐type exercises are likely to confer functional and health benefits in older age, and a clutch of research suggests that enhancement of anabolic responsiveness to exercise and/or nutrition may be achieved by optimizing modifications of muscle‐loading paradigms (workload, volume, blood flow restriction) or nutritional support (e.g. essential amino acid/leucine) patterns. Nonetheless, more work is needed in which a more holistic view in ageing studies is taken into account. This should include improved characterization of older study recruits, that is physical activity/nutritional behaviours, to limit confounding variables influencing whether findings are attributable to age, or other environmental influences. Nonetheless, on balance, ageing is associated with declines in muscle mass and function and a partially related decline in aerobic capacity. There is also good evidence that metabolic flexibility is impaired in older age.