Gender, social support, and cardiovascular responses to stress
Gender, social support, and cardiovascular responses to stress
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DOI：
10.1097/00006842-199903000-00016
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发表时间：
1999-03-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Gerin, W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Glynn, LM;Christenfeld, N;Gerin, W
目的：实验室研究表明，支持他人的存在可以降低对压力源的生理反应，探讨在这种社会支持效应中是否存在性别差异，无论是提供者还是接受者。这样的差异可能会对经常出现的关于社会支持和健康方面的性别差异的流行病学报告有所了解。方法：男性和女性受试者进行即兴演讲，并从男性或女性邦联成员那里获得标准化的支持性或非支持性反馈。在基线和语音期连续监测血压和心率。结果：有支持的女性听众的演讲者的收缩压比基线增加了25毫米汞。那些不支持女性观众的人增加了36毫米汞。支持的男性观众增加了32毫米汞柱，不支持的男性观众增加了28毫米汞。被试的性别不存在显著影响。结论：结果表明，与没有支持的女性听众相比，女性提供的社会支持减少了男性和女性演讲者的心血管变化。来自男性的社会支持则没有。这些发现提出了一种可能的机制，可能有助于解释有关性别、社会支持和健康之间关系的流行病学文献。这一发现与已婚男性更健康的观念是一致的，因为他们娶了女人。就健康结果而言，女性不会从婚姻中获益，也不会从分居中遭受同样多的痛苦，因为她们获得或失去的支持是对男性的较不有效的支持。这些发现使社会支持的差异可能通过抑制心血管对压力的反应而导致健康差异的可能性更大。
Objective: Laboratory research indicates that the presence of a supportive other can reduce physiological responses to a stressor, Whether there are gender differences, either on the part of the provider or the recipient, in this social support effect is explored. Such differences might shed some light on the frequent epidemiological reports of gender differences in social support and health. Methods: Male and female subjects gave an impromptu speech and received either standardized supportive or nonsupportive feedback from a male or female confederate. Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored continuously during baseline and speech periods. Results: Speakers with a supportive female audience showed a systolic increase of 25 mm Hg over baseline. Those with a nonsupportive female audience increased 36 mm Hg. A supportive male audience led to increases of 32 mm Hg, and a nonsupportive male audience 28 mm Hg. There was no significant effect of gender of subject. Conclusions: Results indicate that social support provided by women reduced cardiovascular changes for both male and female speakers compared with presence of a nonsupportive female audience. Social support from men did not. These findings suggest a possible mechanism that might help explain the epidemiological literature on the relationship between gender, social support, and health. The findings are consistent with the notion that married men are healthier because they marry women. Women do not profit as much from marriage or suffer as much from separation, in terms of health outcomes, because the support they gain or lose is the less effective support of a man. These findings render more plausible the possibility that differences in social support might contribute to health differences, through the dampening of cardiovascular responses to stress.