TRAINING JAPANESE LISTENERS TO IDENTIFY ENGLISH VERTICAL-BAR-R-VERTICAL-BAR AND VERTICAL-BAR-L-VERTICAL-BAR .3. LONG-TERM RETENTION OF NEW PHONETIC CATEGORIES
TRAINING JAPANESE LISTENERS TO IDENTIFY ENGLISH VERTICAL-BAR-R-VERTICAL-BAR AND VERTICAL-BAR-L-VERTICAL-BAR .3. LONG-TERM RETENTION OF NEW PHONETIC CATEGORIES
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DOI：
10.1121/1.410149
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发表时间：
1994-10-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
YAMADA, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
LIVELY, SE;PISONI, DB;YAMADA, T
使用Logan et al. s [J]训练日语单语者识别英语/r/和/l/。Acoust。Soc。[j] .美国大学学报（自然科学版），1989,874 -886（1991）。在3周的训练中，受试者的表现从测试前到测试后都有所改善。训练中的表现随说话者和语音环境的变化而变化。新词的泛化准确性取决于说话者发出/r/-/l/对比音的声音：当说话者是熟悉的人时，被试对新词的准确度明显高于说话者是不熟悉的人时。这种差异不能归因于刺激的可理解性差异。训练结束3个月和6个月后，受试者返回实验室，再次进行后测和泛化测试。在没有任何进一步训练的3个月后，每次测试的表现都令人惊讶地好：从训练结束时进行的后测试到3个月后进行的后测试，准确率仅下降了2%。同样，在泛化测试中也没有观察到准确性的显著下降。6个月未训练后，受试者的准确率仍比测试前水平高出4.5%。在泛化测试中的表现没有下降，说话者之间仍然观察到显著差异。目前的研究结果表明，高变异性训练模式促进了听者语音感知的长期修正。感知的变化是由选择性注意到发出语音对比信号的声音线索的变化引起的。尽管听者在他们的母语环境中没有接触到/r/-/l/对比，但随着时间的推移，这些注意力上的变化似乎会被重新训练。
Monolingual speakers of Japanese were trained to identify English /r/ and /l/ using Logan et al.'s [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 89, 874-886 (1991)] high-variability training procedure. Subjects' performance improved from the pretest to the post-test and during the 3 weeks of training. Performance during training varied as a function of talker and phonetic environment. Generalization accuracy to new words depended on the voice of the talker producing the /r/-/l/ contrast: Subjects were significantly more accurate when new words were produced by a familiar talker than when new words were produced by an unfamiliar talker. This difference could not be attributed to differences in intelligibility of the stimuli. Three and six months after the conclusion of training, subjects returned to the laboratory and were given the post-test and tests of generalization again. Performance was surprisingly good on each test after 3 months without any further training: Accuracy decreased only 2% from the post-test given at the end of training to the post-test given 3 months later. Similarly, no significant decrease in accuracy was observed for the tests of generalization. After 6 months without training, subjects' accuracy was still 4.5% above pretest levels. Performance on the tests of generalization did not decrease and significant differences were still observed between talkers. The present results suggest that the high-variability training paradigm encourages a long-term modification of listeners' phonetic perception. Changes in perception are brought about by shifts in selective attention to the acoustic cues that signal phonetic contrasts. These modifications in attention appear to be retrained over time, despite the fact that listeners are not exposed to the /r/-/l/ contrast in their native language environment.