What Happened to Regional Inequality in Britain in the Twentieth Century?
What Happened to Regional Inequality in Britain in the Twentieth Century?
复制标题
二十世纪英国的地区不平等发生了什么？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Stark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Geary;T. Stark
对 20 世纪英国地区 GDP 的新估计与克拉夫茨的不同，但证实了他关于 1911 年至 2001 年之间 U 形地区不平等曲线的假设。将这些估计与 1861 年至 1911 年修正后的估计进行比较表明，二十世纪上半叶不平等的下降构成了地区不平等下降和最富裕地区（东南部地区）追赶较贫困地区的趋势的一部分。至少 1860 年代。这种趋同趋势被第一次世界大战和随后的 1920 年代英国外围地区的困难所打断，当时东南部与其他地区之间的差距扩大了。然而，1931 年之后的某个时候，它再次回升。自 1971 年以来，不平等加剧，追赶已经停止；事实上，东南部地区与其他地区存在差异。这种差异自 1991 年以来尤为明显。尽管在 20 世纪下半叶地区不平等加剧期间，所有地区的增长都较快，但东南部以外地区经济增长的黄金时代却出现在第二次世界大战后的长期繁荣时期。
New estimates of regional GDP for Great Britain in the twentieth century differ from those of Crafts but confirm his hypothesis of a U‐shaped regional inequality curve between 1911 and 2001. Comparison of these estimates with revised estimates for 1861–1911 suggests that the decline in inequality in the first half of the twentieth century forms part of a trend of declining regional inequality and catch‐up of the poorer regions with the richest (the South East) dating back to the 1860s at least. This convergence trend was interrupted by the First World War and the subsequent difficulties of Outer Britain in the 1920s when the gap between the South East and the rest widened. However, sometime after 1931 it picked up again. Since 1971 inequality has worsened and catch‐up has stopped; indeed, there has been divergence of the South East from the rest. This divergence has been especially marked since 1991. Although growth for all regions was faster during the period of increasing regional inequality that encompasses the second half of the twentieth century, the golden age of economic growth for regions outside the South East occurred during the long boom following the Second World War.