PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS OF MANIRAPTORAN THEROPODS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR EGG PARATAXONOMY
PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS OF MANIRAPTORAN THEROPODS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR EGG PARATAXONOMY
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手盗龙兽脚亚目繁殖性状的系统发育分析及其对卵副分类学的意义
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
F. Therrien
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Zelenitsky;F. Therrien
摘要： 对兽足类的生殖和卵子(卵)特征进行系统发育分析，可以确定这些特征在剑肢动物中进化的顺序。我们的结果表明，一些鸟类的生殖特征，如成虫坐在蛋上，不对称的蛋，没有装饰的蛋壳表面，以及复杂的蛋壳超微结构，已经存在于非鸟类ManiRaptorans中，并可能在更基本的兽脚类动物中进化。此外，非鸟类的猛龙每次产下两个蛋，并在巢中颠倒或半水平地定位它们的蛋，这是新鸟目鸟类所没有的特征。基于我们的分支分析，也有可能推断未知亲缘关系的卵分类群的亲缘关系：Protoceratopsidovum是由一种比卵类更具衍生性的ManiRaptoran产卵的，而Parvoolius可能属于白垩纪的一种鸟类。最后，我们的分析表明，许多鸡蛋并列分类的高级类别(形态类型和基本类型)都是非自然的分组(即非单系分类)。我们建议放弃这些高级分类，因为卵母细胞足以对卵分类群进行分类。
Abstract: A phylogenetic analysis of reproductive and oological (egg) traits of theropod taxa allows determination of the sequence in which these traits evolved in Theropoda. Our results indicate that several avian reproductive traits, such as adults sitting on eggs, asymmetrical eggs, unornamented eggshell surface, and complex eggshell ultrastructure, were already present in non‐avian maniraptorans, and could have evolved in more basal theropods. In addition, non‐avian maniraptorans laid two eggs at a time and orientated their eggs subvertically or subhorizontally in their nests, features not retained by neornithine birds. Based on our cladistic analysis it is also possible to infer the phylogenetic affinity of ootaxa of unknown parentage: Protoceratopsidovum was laid by a maniraptoran more derived than oviraptorids, and Parvoolithus probably belonged to a Cretaceous bird. Finally, our analysis reveals that many of the high‐level categories of egg parataxonomy (morphotypes and basic types) are unnatural groupings (i.e. non‐monophyletic). We recommend that these high‐level categories be abandoned because oofamilies are sufficient to categorize egg taxa.