Quantitative spectroscopy of Galactic BA-type supergiants I. Atmospheric parameters ,

Quantitative spectroscopy of Galactic BA-type supergiants I. Atmospheric parameters ,
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银河BA型超巨星的定量光谱I 大气参数,

DOI:
10.1051/0004-6361/201219034
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发表时间:
2012
影响因子:
6.5
通讯作者:
Przybilla
Przybilla
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Firnstein;Przybilla

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背景BA型超巨星作为现代天文学的多功能指标显示出巨大的潜力。本文是旨在对银河系 BA 型超巨星进行系统光谱研究的系列文章中的第一篇。将解决各种问题,特别是大质量恒星演化的观测限制以及银河系丰度梯度的确定。目标这里的重点是确定银河系 BA 型超巨星样本的准确和精确的大气参数,作为所有进一步分析的先决条件。一些首批应用包括重新校准光谱类型、本征色、辐射热校正和有效温度之间的函数关系,以及探索无红化的 JohnsonQ 和 Strömgren [c1] 和 β 指数作为 BA 型超巨星的有效温度和重力的光度指标。方法基于混合非 LTE 方法计算了广泛的理论光谱网格,涵盖了有效温度、表面重力、氦丰度、微湍流和元素丰度。大气参数是通过我们的理论模型与在各个天文台获得的高分辨率和高信噪比光谱的线剖面拟合而得出的。多种金属的电离平衡以及斯塔克展宽的氢和中性氦谱线构成了我们确定参数的主要指标,并辅以从紫外到近红外的(分光)光度测定。结果我们通过均质分析获得了 35 个超巨星样本的准确大气参数。提供了有关有效温度、表面重力、氦丰度、微湍流、宏观湍流和旋转速度的数据。确定了星际红化以及恒星的完全消光与选择性消光的比率。我们的经验光谱类型 - Teffscale 比文献中的参考关系更陡峭,星星比通常假设的更蓝,并且辐射热校正与既定的文献值显着不同。基于无红化 Q 指数的光度 Teff 测定被发现在 BA 型超巨星的研究中用途有限,因为与光谱实现的 1−2% 精度(结合统计和系统不确定性与我们的方法)相比,误差通常为 ±5% (1σ 统计)±3% (1σ 系统)。另一方面,我们发现无红化指数和β可为高精度/准确度分析提供有用的起始值,Teff 中的不确定性为 ±1% ± 2.5%,logg 中的不确定性为 ±0.04 ± 0.13 dex(分别为 1σ 统计、1σ 系统)。
ContextBA-type supergiants show a high potential as versatile indicators for modern astronomy. This paper constitutes the first in a series that aims at a systematic spectroscopic study of Galactic BA-type supergiants. Various problems will be addressed, including in particular observational constraints on the evolution of massive stars and a determination of abundance gradients in the Milky Way.AimsThe focus here is on the determination of accurate and precise atmospheric parameters for a sample of Galactic BA-type supergiants as prerequisite for all further analysis. Some first applications include a recalibration of functional relationships between spectral-type, intrinsic colours, bolometric corrections and effective temperature, and an exploration of the reddening-free JohnsonQand Strömgren  [c1]  andβ-indices as photometric indicators for effective temperatures and gravities of BA-type supergiants.MethodsAn extensive grid of theoretical spectra is computed based on a hybrid non-LTE approach, covering the relevant parameter space in effective temperature, surface gravity, helium abundance, microturbulence and elemental abundances. The atmospheric parameters are derived spectroscopically by line-profile fits of our theoretical models to high-resolution and high-S/N spectra obtained at various observatories. Ionization equilibria of multiple metals and the Stark-broadened hydrogen and the neutral helium lines constitute our primary indicators for the parameter determination, supplemented by (spectro-)photometry from the UV to the near-IR.ResultsWe obtain accurate atmospheric parameters for 35 sample supergiants from a homogeneous analysis. Data on effective temperatures, surface gravities, helium abundances, microturbulence, macroturbulence and rotational velocities are presented. The interstellar reddening and the ratio of total-to-selective extinction towards the stars are determined. Our empirical spectral-type–Teffscale is steeper than reference relations from the literature, the stars are significantly bluer than usually assumed, and bolometric corrections differ significantly from established literature values. PhotometricTeff-determinations based on the reddening-freeQ-index are found to be of limited use for studies of BA-type supergiants because of large errors of typically  ±5% (1σstatistical)  ±3% (1σsystematic), compared to a spectroscopically achieved precision of 1−2% (combined statistical and systematic uncertainty with our methodology). The reddening-free  [c1] -index andβon the other hand are found to provide useful starting values for high-precision/accuracy analyses, with uncertainties of  ±1%  ±  2.5% inTeff, and  ±0.04  ±  0.13 dex in logg(1σ-statistical, 1σ-systematic, respectively).
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