Moderating and mediating role of renewable energy consumption, FDI inflows, and economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions: evidence from robust least square estimator
Moderating and mediating role of renewable energy consumption, FDI inflows, and economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions: evidence from robust least square estimator
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DOI：
10.1007/s11356-018-3837-6
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Abro, Muhammad Moinuddin Qazi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Naz, Saiqa;Sultan, Rashida;Abro, Muhammad Moinuddin Qazi
可再生能源消耗（REC）、外国直接投资（FDI）流入、经济增长及其对二氧化碳排放的影响之间的关系在能源和环境文献中得到广泛讨论；然而，关于巴基斯坦等发展中国家人均收入和外国直接投资流入与可再生能源消费对二氧化碳排放的调节和中介效应，有一篇未见的文献，本研究使用1975-2016年期间的一致时间序列数据对其进行评估。结果表明，在研究期间，经济增长和 FDI 流入都会增加二氧化碳排放，而 REC 则大幅减少二氧化碳排放。结果不支持一个国家人均收入（和 FDI 流入）和人均二氧化碳排放量的倒 U 形环境库兹涅茨曲线 (EKC) 假设。结果支持了“污染天堂假说”，即外国直接投资流入损害了该国的自然植物群。通过将人均收入和外国直接投资流入纳入 REC 对二氧化碳排放的调节和中介效应，避免了 REC 的积极影响，并转化为负外部性，其中环境可持续性议程因较低的环境法规和不可持续的生产技术而受到损害，从而促进国家经济增长。该研究的结论是，通过在现有能源组合中添加REC可能有助于减少二氧化碳排放，而严格的环境合规性可能会忽视不可持续生产的负外部性，并将支持一个国家实现绿色发展计划。
The relationship between renewable energy consumption (REC), foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, economic growth, and their resulting impact on CO2 emissions is widely discussed area in energy and environmental literature; however, there is an unseen literature on moderation and mediation effect of per capita income and FDI inflows with the renewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions in developing countries like Pakistan, which is being evaluated in this study by using a consistent time series data for a period of 1975-2016. The results show that economic growth and FDI inflows both increase CO2 emissions, while REC substantially decreases CO2 emissions during the study time period. The results do not support the inverted U-shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis for per capita income (and FDI inflows) and per capita CO2 emissions in a country. The results supported pollution haven hypothesis' where FDI inflows damage the natural flora of the country. By inclusion of moderation and mediation effect of per capita income and FDI inflows with the REC on CO2 emissions averted the positive impact of REC, and converted into negative externality, where environmental sustainability agenda is compromised by lower environmental regulations and unsustainable production techniques that increase country's economic growth. The study concludes that by adding REC in existing energy portfolio may help to reduce CO2 emissions while strict environmental compliance may disregard the negative externality of unsustainable production and it will support to achieve green development programmes in a country.