The rise and fall of excess male infant mortality
The rise and fall of excess male infant mortality
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0800221105
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发表时间：
2008-04-01
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Finch, Caleb E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Drevenstedt, Greg L.;Crimmins, Eileen M.;Finch, Caleb E.
男性在婴儿死亡率方面的劣势在世纪经历了令人惊讶的上升和下降。我们对15个发达国家的分析表明，随着婴儿死亡率在两个世纪内下降，男性死亡率从1751年的10%上升到1970年左右的30%以上。值得注意的是，自1970年以来，大多数国家的男性劣势下降到较低水平。从1751年到1970年，男性的劣势不断恶化，这可能是由于按性别分列的婴儿死亡率的不同变化。感染造成的婴儿死亡率下降，死亡原因转向围产期疾病，有利于女性。1970年后男婴死亡率下降可归因于产科做法和新生儿护理的改善。由于条件较好而存活下来的其他男婴更有可能是早产儿或出生体重低，这可能对他们以后的健康产生影响。这一分析提供了证据，表明在行为差异应该最小的年龄，死亡率的性别比发生了显著变化。
The male disadvantage in infant mortality underwent a surprising rise and fall in the 20th century. Our analysis of 15 developed countries shows that, as infant mortality declined over two centuries, the excess male mortality increased from 10% in 1751 to >30% by approximately 1970. Remarkably, since 1970, the male disadvantage in most countries fell back to lower levels. The worsening male disadvantage from 1751 until 1970 may be due to differential changes in cause-specific infant mortality by sex. Declines in infant mortality from infections and the shift of deaths to perinatal conditions favored females. The reduction in male excess infant mortality after 1970 can be attributed to improved obstetric practices and neonatal care. The additional male infants who survived because of better conditions were more likely to be premature or have low birth weight, which could have implications for their health in later life. This analysis provides evidence of marked changes in the sex ratio of mortality at an age when behavioral differences should be minimal.