Characterization of Economic Requirements for a "Carbon-Debt-Free Country"
Characterization of Economic Requirements for a "Carbon-Debt-Free Country"
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DOI：
10.1021/es202007b
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发表时间：
2012-01-03
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Tohno, Susumu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nansai, Keisuke;Kagawa, Shigemi;Tohno, Susumu
近年来，纳入产品和服务供应链的温室气体排放控制，从而强调消费者而不是生产者的作用，已引起越来越多的关注。一个国家基于消费的排放量，包括全球供应链的排放量，反映了国民经济所依赖的总排放量。因此，为了制定有效的排放控制战略，各国迫切需要阐明其国内经济与通过全球供应链产生的排放之间的结构关系。在此，我们考察2005年日本消费型排放量的结构性特征。日本2005年的消费型排放量为16.75亿吨CO2当量。在国外，日本经济产生的全球排放量为5.41亿吨二氧化碳当量，其中35.7%为《联合国气候变化框架公约》附件一排放，64.3%为非附件一和其他排放。这一64.3%的数据表明，日本实际上在相当大程度上依赖于不受国际义务约束的排放。我们在商品层面确定了消费型排放的主要经济贡献者，并指定了家庭支出项目，这些项目是财务节省和减排的有效选择。然后，我们讨论了排放控制的重要性，逐步向“无碳债务的国家”。
In recent years, greenhouse gas emission controls that incorporate the supply chains of products and services, thereby emphasizing the role of consumers rather than producers, have been drawing increasing attention. A country's consumption-based emissions, including those due to global supply chains, reflect the total emissions on which the national economy relies. To design effective emissions control strategies there is therefore an urgent need for countries to elucidate the structural relationship between their domestic economy and emissions occurring through global supply chains. Here we consider the structural characteristics of consumption-based emissions in Japan, which in 2005 totaled 1675 Mt CO(2)eq. Outside the country the Japanese economy generated global emissions of 541 Mt CO(2)eq, 35.7% of which were UNFCCC Annex I emissions and 64.3% were non-Annex I and other emissions. This figure of 64.3% reveals that Japan is actually relying to a considerable degree on emissions that are subject to no international obligations. We identify key economic contributors to consumption-based emissions at the commodity level and specify items of household expenditure that are effective options for both financial savings and emissions reduction. We then discuss the importance of emissions control for evolving toward a "carbon-debt-free country".