Isotropic three-dimensional left-handed metamaterials
Isotropic three-dimensional left-handed metamaterials
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DOI：
10.1103/physrevb.71.121103
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发表时间：
2005-03
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
T. Koschny;Le Zhang;C. Soukoulis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Koschny;Le Zhang;C. Soukoulis
我们研究了基于全对称多间隙单环劈环谐振器sSRRd设计和交叉连续导线的三维左手及相关超材料。我们证明了纯srr超材料和相应的左手材料的各向同性传输特性，该材料由于同时具有负的有效磁导率和介电常数而具有负的有效折射率。与完全各向同性的微小偏差是由于超材料的有限厚度。完美透镜的实现和其他负折射的应用需要制造三维、均匀、各向同性的左手材料sLHMd，同时具有负介电常数和磁导率。到目前为止，无论是在自然界还是在实验室中，都没有这样的材料存在。目前可用的LHM结构，基于分裂环谐振器和连续金属线的周期性排列，只有一维5‐7 s1Dd，支持左手性质，只能在一个方向上以固定极化传播，或者二维8‐10 s2Dd，在两个方向上以固定极化传播或一个方向上以任意极化传播都是可能的。早期尝试至少设计一个各向同性SRR。11d缺乏SRR和单元格的对称性，需要在不同的空间方向上单独调整参数。在本文中，我们提出了一种三维3dd各向同性LHM设计，该设计允许电磁波在任何传播方向和任何极化下的左旋行为。通过数值传输矩阵模拟，我们验证了所提出结构的各向同性传输特性。我们的数据与具有相应负«和m的均质板的预期结果非常吻合。我们的超材料被定义为单个矩形单元格的三维周期性延续，由srr和连续导线组成。样品是一个超材料板，具有有限厚度的整数个单位胞，在垂直方向上有无限的范围。平板的两个表面平行于单元格的任何面。具有波矢量k的入射电磁平面波可以用两个角度来表征：k与样品表面法向n之间的入射角q P f 0， P / 2d，以及k在样品表面平面内的投影与选定的单元格边缘之间的角f P s。选择入射波的频率，使真空波长大约比单元电池的线性尺寸大10倍，我们期望有效的介质行为。
We investigate three-dimensional left-handed and related metamaterials based on a fully symmetric multigap single-ring split-ring resonator sSRRd design and crossing continuous wires. We demonstrate isotropic transmission properties of a SRR-only metamaterial and the corresponding left-handed material that possesses a negative effective index of refraction due to simultaneously negative effective permeability and permittivity. Minor deviations from complete isotropy are due to the finite thickness of the metamaterial. The realization of a perfect lens 1 and other applications of negative refraction require the fabrication of threedimensional, homogeneous, isotropic left-handed materials 2 sLHMd with simultaneously negative permittivity « and magnetic permeability m. So far, no such materials exist, either in nature or in the laboratory. Today’s available LHM structures, based on the periodic arrangement of split-ring resonators 3 sSRRd and continuous metallic wires, 4 are only one dimensional 5‐7 s1Dd, supporting left-handed properties only for propagation with fixed polarization in one direction, or two dimensional 8‐10 s2Dd, where propagation in two directions with fixed polarization or one direction with arbitrary polarization is possible. Earlier attempts to design at least an isotropic SRR sRef. 11d were lacking the symmetry of SRR and unit cell and required individual tuning of the parameters in the different spatial directions. In this paper, we propose a three-dimensional s3Dd isotropic LHM design that allows left-handed behavior for any direction of propagation and any polarization of the electromagnetic wave. Using numerical transfer matrix simulations, we verify the isotropic transmission properties of the proposed structures. Our data show excellent agreement with results expected for a homogeneous slab with the corresponding negative « and m. Our metamaterials are defined as a 3D periodic continuation of a single rectangular unit cell, consisting of SRRs and continuous wires. The sample is a slab of metamaterial with a finite thickness of an integral number of unit cells and infinite extent in the perpendicular direction. The two surfaces of the slab are parallel to any face of the unit cell. An incident electromagnetic plane wave with wave vector k can be characterized by two angles: the incidence angle q P f 0, p /2 d between k and the surface normal n of the sample, and the angle f P s˛p , pg between the projection of k into and some chosen edge of the unit cell inside the surface plane of the sample. The frequency of the incident wave is chosen such that the vacuum wavelength is approximately 10 times larger than the linear size of the unit cell and we expect effective medium behavior.