Automatic delineation of built-up area at urban block level from topographic maps
Automatic delineation of built-up area at urban block level from topographic maps
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DOI：
10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2016.04.001
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发表时间：
2016-07
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Muhs;H. Herold;G. Meinel;D. Burghardt;Odette Kretschmer
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文献类型：
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作者：
S. Muhs;H. Herold;G. Meinel;D. Burghardt;Odette Kretschmer
为了全面研究和更好地理解城市动态过程，如密度、增长和蔓延或收缩，能够跟踪建筑物和城市街区等地理对象变化的时空数据库是必不可少的。虽然存在针对当代数据的综合数据库，但它们通常缺乏历史维度。然而，无论是基于历史地图还是航空影像，手工构建历史地理数据都是一个耗时且费力的过程。因此，我们提出了一种从城市街区水平的建成区二进制地形图中半自动提取这些数据的方法。地形图对历史城市分析的适用性已在以往的研究中得到证实。为了克服扫描地形图在数字图像解释方面固有的挑战，我们设计了一个模块化过程。其中，这些挑战包括融合和（多）碎片化的地图对象，这是由一个二进制地图中相互竞争的内容层重叠造成的。在将各个地图对象层与地图内容初步分离之后，该过程遵循两个阶段的自顶向下方法。首先，地图被组织成街道块，然后根据建成区重新划定。在这样做的过程中，我们在德国的三个研究地点获得了0.97到0.93的正确性值。随着越来越多的项目提供历史地形图作为地理参考数字数据，我们的过程代表了一种有前途的方法，可以有效地准备这些历史数据，并以最少的用户干预将其集成到时空数据库中。
To comprehensively study and better understand urban dynamic processes — such as densification, growth and sprawl, or shrinkage — spatio-temporal databases that allow to track changes of geographic objects like buildings and urban blocks are essential. While comprehensive databases exist for contemporary data, they usually lack a historic dimension. The manual constitution of historic geographic data, be it based on historic maps or aerial images, is a time consuming and laborious process, however. Therefore, we present an approach to semi-automatically extract this data from binary topographic maps with regard to built-up areas at urban block level. The suitability of topographic maps for historic urban analysis has been proven in previous research. To overcome the challenges that are inherent in scanned topographic maps in regard to digital image interpretation we designed a modular process. Among others, these challenges include fused and (multi-)fragmented map objects caused by the overlap of competing content layers in one single binary map. After a preliminary separation of individual map object layers from the map content, the process follows a two-stage top-down approach. At first, the map is organized into street blocks, which after that are re-delineated in regard to built-up area. In doing so, we achieve correctness values ranging from 0.97 to 0.93 for three study sites in Germany. With an increasing number of projects that provide historic topographic maps as georeferenced digital data, our process represents a promising approach to efficiently prepare these historic data for integration into a spatio-temporal database with minimal user intervention.