Adaptive regulation of the brain's antioxidant defences by neurons and astrocytes.
Adaptive regulation of the brain's antioxidant defences by neurons and astrocytes.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.06.027
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发表时间：
2016-11
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Hardingham, Giles E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baxter, Paul S.;Hardingham, Giles E.
尽管神经元具有有丝分裂后和不可再生的性质，但人类大脑通常在结构和功能上保持良好几十年。这证明了大脑具有强大的稳态能力：神经元和神经胶质细胞都有内置的机制，使它们能够对潜在的挑战性情况做出适应性或保护性反应，确保细胞的活力和功能得以维持。神经元的高和可变的代谢和线粒体活性对大脑提出了几项要求，包括中和产生的相关活性氧（ROS）的任务，以限制氧化损伤的积累。星形胶质细胞在为附近的神经元提供抗氧化支持方面发挥着关键作用，星形胶质细胞Nrf 2途径的氧化还原调节代表了它们表达的Nrf 2调节的抗氧化基因的大队列的强大稳态调节剂。相比之下，Nrf 2通路在神经元中很弱，剥夺了它们这种特殊的自我平衡装置。然而，许多神经元的抗氧化基因控制的突触活动，使活性依赖性增加的活性氧产生的谷胱甘肽和硫氧还蛋白-过氧化物酶系统的抗氧化能力增强抵消。神经元和星形胶质细胞中这些不同的稳态机制一起联合收割机促进神经元对氧化损伤的抵抗。对神经胶质细胞单元内不同细胞类型之间信号传导的未来研究可能会揭示大脑中氧化还原稳态的进一步机制。氧化还原稳态对大脑健康至关重要。稳态涉及神经胶质血管单位内的相互作用。我们描述了神经元和星形胶质细胞对氧化还原稳态的合作贡献。
The human brain generally remains structurally and functionally sound for many decades, despite the post-mitotic and non-regenerative nature of neurons. This is testament to the brain’s profound capacity for homeostasis: both neurons and glia have in-built mechanisms that enable them to mount adaptive or protective responses to potentially challenging situations, ensuring that cellular viability and functionality is maintained. The high and variable metabolic and mitochondrial activity of neurons places several demands on the brain, including the task of neutralizing the associated reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced, to limit the accumulation of oxidative damage. Astrocytes play a key role in providing antioxidant support to nearby neurons, and redox regulation of the astrocytic Nrf2 pathway represents a powerful homeostatic regulator of the large cohort of Nrf2-regulated antioxidant genes that they express. In contrast, the Nrf2 pathway is weak in neurons, robbing them of this particular homeostatic device. However, many neuronal antioxidant genes are controlled by synaptic activity, enabling activity-dependent increases in ROS production to be offset by enhanced antioxidant capacity of both glutathione and thioredoxin-peroxiredoxin systems. These distinct homeostatic mechanisms in neurons and astrocytes together combine to promote neuronal resistance to oxidative insults. Future investigations into signaling between distinct cell types within the neuro-glial unit are likely to uncover further mechanisms underlying redox homeostasis in the brain. Redox homeostasis is essential for brain health. Homeostasis involves interactions within the neurogliovascular unit. We describe cooperative contributions by neurons and astrocytes to redox homeostasis.
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影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Dryanovski, Dilyan I.;Guzman, Jaime N.;Surmeier, D. James
通讯作者：
Surmeier, D. James
影响因子：
--
作者：
González-Reyes S;Guzmán-Beltrán S;Medina-Campos ON;Pedraza-Chaverri J
通讯作者：
Pedraza-Chaverri J
DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.0026-12.2012
发表时间：
2012-06-27
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
Hall CN;Klein-Flügge MC;Howarth C;Attwell D
通讯作者：
Attwell D
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0813361106
发表时间：
2009-02-24
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Chen, Pei-Chun;Vargas, Marcelo R.;Johnson, Jeffrey A.
通讯作者：
Johnson, Jeffrey A.
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Daniels, Christine M. LaPash;Austin, Elizabeth V.;Messing, Albee
通讯作者：
Messing, Albee