Deleuze and the question of desire: Toward an immanent theory of ethics
Deleuze and the question of desire: Toward an immanent theory of ethics
复制标题
德勒兹与欲望问题：走向内在的伦理学理论
DOI：
10.3366/edinburgh/9780748641178.003.0008
复制
发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Daniel W. Smith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Daniel W. Smith
本文的标题提出了两个问题，我想依次回答每个问题。第一个问题是：什么是不受约束的伦理学（相对于诉诸超越的伦理学）？第二个问题是：什么是欲望的哲学问题？我的终极问题涉及这两个问题之间的联系：一个不受约束的伦理学与欲望问题有什么关系？从历史上看，第一个问题主要与斯宾诺莎和尼采（以及我们将看到的莱布尼茨）的名字联系在一起，因为正是斯宾诺莎和尼采以最严格的形式提出了一个不可分割的伦理学问题。第二个问题与弗洛伊德和拉康等名字有关，在他们背后，与康德有关，因为正是他们以最尖锐的形式阐述了欲望的现代概念化，也就是说，就无意识欲望而言，欲望是无意识的。正是在1972年出版的《反俄狄浦斯》一书中，德勒兹（沿着他的合著者费利克斯·瓜塔里）试图阐述他自己的欲望理论--他称之为纯粹的无因性欲望理论。在《反俄狄浦斯》的序言中，米歇尔·福柯（Michel Foucault）声称：“《反俄狄浦斯》是一本伦理学著作，是法国很长一段时间以来写的第一本伦理学著作”，这一点很有名。他由此明确了《反俄狄浦斯》中所发展的欲望理论与德勒兹在其关于尼采和斯宾诺莎的专著中所提出的不可否认的伦理学理论之间的联系。
The title of this paper raises two questions, each of which I would like to address in turn. The first question is: What exactly is an immanent ethics (as opposed to an ethics that appeal to transcendence)? The second question is: What is the philosophical question of desire? My ultimate question concerns the link between these two issues: What relation does an immanent ethics have to the question of desire? Historically, the first question is primarily linked with the names of Spinoza and Nietzsche (as well as, as we shall see, Leibniz), since it was Spinoza and Nietzsche who posed the question of an immanent ethics in its most rigorous form. The second question is linked to names like Freud and Lacan, and behind them, to Kant, since it was they who formulated the modern conceptualization of desire in its most acute form—that is, in terms of unconscious desire, desire as unconscious. It was in Anti-Oedipus, published in 1972, that Deleuze (along with Felix Guattari, his co-author) would attempt to formulate his own theory of desire—what he would call a purely immanent theory of desire. In his preface to Anti-Oedipus, Michel Foucault would claim, famously, that “Anti-Oedipus is a book of ethics, the first book of ethics to be written in France in quite a long time”—thereby making explicit the link between the theory of desire developed in Anti-Oedipus with the immanent theory of ethics Deleuze worked out in his monographs on Nietzsche and Spinoza.2