The release of nanosilver from consumer products used in the home.
The release of nanosilver from consumer products used in the home.
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DOI：
10.2134/jeq2009.0363
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发表时间：
2010-11
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Westerhoff P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benn T;Cavanagh B;Hristovski K;Posner JD;Westerhoff P
由于其抗菌特性，纳米银已成为消费品中使用最广泛的纳米材料之一。公众对纳米银释放到环境中的潜在不利影响的担忧引发了对联邦监管的讨论。在本文中，我们评估了几类消费品的银含量以及将纳米银释放到水、空气或土壤中的潜力。对一件衬衫、医用口罩和布料、牙膏、洗发水、清洁剂、毛巾、玩具泰迪熊和两个加湿器中的银进行了定量。银浓度范围为 1.4 至 270,000 μg Ag g 产品−1。产品在 500 mL 自来水中清洗，以评估银释放到水性环境基质（废水、地表水、唾液等）中的可能性。银的释放量高达 45 μg Ag g 产品−1，尺寸分数大于或小于 100 nm。扫描电子显微镜证实大多数产品以及洗涤水样品中都存在纳米颗粒银。对四种产品进行了毒性表征浸出程序，以评估垃圾填埋场中银的释放情况。医用布释放的银量与毒性特征限度相当。本文提出了可用于量化和表征消费品中的银和其他纳米材料的方法。消费品中的银含量又可用于估计现实世界中人类和环境的暴露水平。
Nanosilver has become one of the most widely used nanomaterials in consumer products because of its antimicrobial properties. Public concern over the potential adverse effects of nanosilver's environmental release has prompted discussion of federal regulation. In this paper, we assess several classes of consumer products for their silver content and potential to release nanosilver into water, air, or soil. Silver was quantified in a shirt, a medical mask and cloth, toothpaste, shampoo, detergent, a towel, a toy teddy bear, and two humidifiers. Silver concentrations ranged from 1.4 to 270,000 μg Ag g product−1. Products were washed in 500 mL of tap water to assess the potential release of silver into aqueous environmental matrices (wastewater, surface water, saliva, etc.). Silver was released in quantities up to 45 μg Ag g product−1, and size fractions were both larger and smaller than 100 nm. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the presence of nanoparticle silver in most products as well as in the wash water samples. Four products were subjected to a toxicity characterization leaching procedure to assess the release of silver in a landfill. The medical cloth released an amount of silver comparable to the toxicity characterization limit. This paper presents methodologies that can be used to quantify and characterize silver and other nanomaterials in consumer products. The quantities of silver in consumer products can in turn be used to estimate real-world human and environmental exposure levels.