Striving for Better Jobs : The Challenge of Informality in the Middle East and North Africa
Striving for Better Jobs : The Challenge of Informality in the Middle East and North Africa
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争取更好的工作:中东和北非非正规性的挑战
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Bodor
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Gatti;Diego F. Angel;Joana C. G. Silva;A. Bodor
该区域在危机前多年来一直保持经济增长，但这并没有创造足够数量的就业机会，充其量只是创造了低质量的非正规就业机会。本报告讨论了一个被排斥的边缘：非正规就业以及与之相关的脆弱性和缺乏机会，分析了阻碍非正规工人成为正规工人的制约因素，并讨论了有效解决这些制约因素的政策选择。本报告从人类发展的角度审视非正规就业问题，特别侧重于非正规就业。非正规性是一个复杂的现象，包括无薪工人和没有社会保障或医疗保险的工人，在监管框架之外经营的小型或微型公司，以及可能部分逃避公司税和社会保障缴款的大型注册公司。第一节详细介绍了该区域非正规工人的情况。第二部分描述了在监管框架之外经营的微型企业和不完全遵守社会保障缴款要求和纳税义务的大型企业的非正规性特点。第三部分介绍了非正式性与公司。第四部分关注非正式性：选择还是排斥？第五节讨论了有效扩大医疗保险和养老金制度覆盖面以及促进创造更高质量就业机会的政策选择。
Economic growth has been sustained for many years pre-crisis in the region, but this has not resulted in the creation of an adequate number of jobs and has succeeded, at best, in generating low-quality, informal jobs. The report addresses one margin of exclusion: informal employment and the vulnerabilities and lack of opportunities associated with it. The report analyzes the constraints that prevent informal workers from becoming formal and discusses policy options to effectively address these constraints. This report looks at informality through a human development angle and focuses particularly on informal employment. Informality is a complex phenomenon, comprising unpaid workers and workers without social security or health insurance coverage, small or micro-firms that operate outside the regulatory framework and large registered firms that may partially evade corporate taxes and social security contributions. The first section provides a detailed profile of informal workers in the region. The second section describes the characteristics of informality in micro-firms that operate outside the regulatory framework and in larger firms that do not fully comply with social security contribution requirements and tax obligations. The third section presents informality and the firm. The fourth section focuses on informality: choice or exclusion? The fifth section discusses policy options for effectively expanding coverage of health insurance and pension systems and promoting the creation of better quality jobs.