Aging and visual length discrimination: Sequential dependencies, biases, and the effects of multiple implicit standards
Aging and visual length discrimination: Sequential dependencies, biases, and the effects of multiple implicit standards
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DOI：
10.1016/j.visres.2014.03.011
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发表时间：
2014-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Rogers, Connor E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Norman, J. Farley;Cheeseman, Jacob R.;Rogers, Connor E.
对年轻人(20-25岁)和老年人(61-79岁)的视觉辨别长度的能力进行了评估。到目前为止，几乎所有使用单一刺激方法的实验都要求被试相对于单一的内隐标准来判断测试刺激(一个罕见的例外，见Morgan，on the Scale of Size of Size of Scaling by Orientative Procestions，Vision Research，1992，32,1433-1445)。在目前的实验中，我们不仅要求参与者判断相对于单个内隐标准的长度，而且他们还在相同的试验区块内将测试刺激与两个不同的内隐标准进行比较。我们分析了参与者的判断，以评估是否发生了显著的顺序依赖。我们发现，尽管年轻人和老年人具有相似的长度差异阈值，并表现出类似的总体偏见，但在个别试验区块中，老年人的判断受到先前反应的影响更强(比年轻人更强)(即，他们对任何给定试验的判断受到对先前观看的刺激的反应的影响更大)。此外，年轻人和老年人的判断都受到具有多个隐性标准的试验区块中先前反应的更强烈的偏见。总体而言，我们的结果与标准设置理论(Lages和Treisman，空间频率歧视：视觉长期记忆还是标准设置？)描述的跟踪机制的操作是一致的。视觉研究，1998年，38,557572)。(C)2014爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
Younger (20-25 years of age) and older (61-79 years) adults were evaluated for their ability to visually discriminate length. Almost all experiments that have utilized the method of single stimuli to date have required participants to judge test stimuli relative to a single implicit standard (for a rare exception, see Morgan, On the scaling of size judgements by orientational cues, Vision Research, 1992, 32, 1433-1445). In the current experiments, we not only asked participants to judge lengths relative to a single implicit standard, but they also compared test stimuli to two different implicit standards within the same blocks of trials. We analyzed our participants' judgments to evaluate whether significant sequential dependencies occurred. We found that while individual younger and older adults possessed similar length difference thresholds and exhibited similar overall biases, the judgments of older adults within individual blocks of trials were more strongly biased (than younger adults) by preceding responses (i.e., their judgments on any given trial were more strongly affected by responses to previously viewed stimuli). In addition, the judgments of both younger and older adults were more strongly biased by preceding responses in the blocks of trials with multiple implicit standards. Overall, our results are consistent with the operation of the tracking mechanism described by Criterion-setting theory (Lages and Treisman, Spatial frequency discrimination: Visual long-term memory or criterion setting? Vision Research, 1998, 38, 557572). (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.