Power Supply and Power Distribution System for the ATLAS Silicon Strip Detectors
Power Supply and Power Distribution System for the ATLAS Silicon Strip Detectors
复制标题
ATLAS 硅条探测器的电源和配电系统
DOI：
10.5170/cern-2001-005.363
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发表时间：
2001
影响因子：
17.3
通讯作者：
M. Turala
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Malecki;S. Koperny;J. Bohm;M. Morrissey;I. Polák;J. Grosse;A. Grillo;M. Mikuž;J. Šťastný;H. Pernegger;P. W. Philips;N. Smith;A. Macpherson;L. Eklund;E. Gornicki;I. Mandić;S. Gadomski;A. Weidberg;G. Kramberger;E. Spencer;Cindro;M. Turala
ATLAS实验的半导体跟踪器具有模块化结构。其供电系统的粒度遵循探测器的粒度。该系统由4088个多电压通道组成，为读出电子设备提供电源和控制信号，并为硅探测器提供偏置电压。有关配电线路的问题和限制。特别是，最佳的选择之间的并发要求的材料，最大电压降，空间可用于服务，装配顺序等进行了讨论。I. ATLAS SCT探测器[1]由4088个模块组成，其中2112个模块形成四个桶形气缸层，1976个模块安装在端盖轮上。单面微带探测器背靠背粘合，形成一个具有1536条微带的双面模块。该模块配备了一个混合电路，一个携带12个ABCD3T读出芯片和电子设备的小电路板，用于从SCT模块传输数字数据。目前的桶和端盖混合体在许多方面是实质上不同的，但从电源的角度来看是相同的。a.基本设计原理ATLAS SCT读出芯片和电子器件用于将数字数据光传输到非探测器站（以及将定时、触发和控制数据传输到SCT模块），需要多个低压电源。此外，在LHC高辐射环境中工作的硅微带探测器需要可以在0 - 500 V范围内调节的偏置电压。SCT电源和配电系统的设计符合以下基本要求：电源系统的模块化遵循探测器的模块化，电源模块完全隔离，模块中的电压是“浮动”的，每个探测器模块由单独的多线线路（磁带或电缆）供电。在本文的上下文中，似乎有必要强调，在探测器性能的其他后果中，上述设计规则允许在选择最佳屏蔽和接地方案B时具有最大的灵活性。对低压电源的要求目前对低压电源的要求[2]来自读出芯片设计的多次迭代以及模块原型的许多束流和辐射测试。关注的主要对象是ADC，即读出芯片的"模拟"电压供应模拟电路，和ADC，即ABCD 3T芯片的"数字"电压供应数字部分，以及用于光学链路的电子器件（DORIC 4和VDC ASIC）。这两个电压应该提供1A量级的相对高的电流。此外，它们的负载可以在很宽的范围内变化。低压电源通道还应提供几个低功率电压和控制信号：光电二极管的偏置电压、VDC ASIC的控制电压、温度监控电压（两个电流源）、模块复位和时钟选择信号。表1列出了典型和最大负载下的电压和信号电平标称值。在低电压供应通道中包括这些额外的功率和控制信号，以及下面G部分中提到的温度读出，是为了确保检测器模块上的所有电信号的公共参考电位。这就最大限度地减少了电拾取或外来噪声的可能性。表1：低压电源要求名称标称值[V]电流[mA]最大值电流[mA]<$3.5 90
The Semi−Conductor Tracker of the ATLAS experiment has modular structure. The granularity of its power supply system follows the granularity of the detector. This system of 4088 multi−voltage channels providing power and control signals for the readout electronics as well as bias voltage for silicon detectors is described. Problems and constraints concerning power distribution lines are also presented. In particular, optimal choice between concurrent requirements on material, maximum voltage drop, space available for services, assembly sequence etc. is discussed. I. POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR THE ATLAS SCT The ATLAS SCT detector[1] consists of 4088 modules of which 2112 form four barrel cylinder layers and 1976 are mounted on end cap wheels. Single−sided micro−strip detectors are glued back−to−back to form one double−sided module with 1536 strips. The module is equipped with a hybrids, a small boards carrying 12 ABCD3T readout chips and electronics to transfer digital data from and to SCT modules. Present barrel and end cap hybrids are substantially different in many aspects but identical from the point of view of power supplies. A. Basic design principles The ATLAS SCT readout chips and electronics for the optical transmission of digital data to the off−detector stations (as well as timing, trigger and control data to SCT modules) require several low voltage supplies. In addition silicon micro−strip detectors operating in the LHC high radiation environment require the bias voltage which can be regulated in 0 − 500 V range. SCT power supply and power distribution system has been designed according to following basic requirements: modularity of the power supply system follows the modularity of the detector, power supply modules are fully isolated and voltages in modules are "floating", every detector module is powered by separate, multiwire line (tape or cable). In the context of this article it seems appropriate to underline that among other consequences for the detector performance the above mentioned design rules allow for the maximum flexibility in selection of optimal shielding and grounding scheme B. Requirements for Low Voltage power supplies Present requirements[2] for low voltage power supplies result from several iterations of readout chip design and from many beam and radiation tests of module prototypes. Main objects of concern are Vcc, "analog" voltage supplying analog circuits of the readout chip, and Vdd, "digital" voltage supplying digital part of the ABCD3T chip, as well as electronics for the optical links (DORIC4 and VDC ASICs). These two voltages should provide relatively high currents of the order of 1A. Their load may, in addition, vary over a wide range. Low voltage power supply channel should also provide several low power voltages and control signals: bias voltage for the photodiode, control voltage for VDC ASIC, voltage (two current sources) for the temperature monitoring, module reset and clock select signals. Nominal values for voltages and signal levels with typical and maximal loads are listed in Table 1. The inclusion of these extra power and control signals, as well as the temperature readout mentioned in section G below, in the low voltage supply channel is to insure a common reference potential for all electrical signals on the detector module. This minimises the possibility for electrical pick−up or extraneous noise. Table 1: LV Power Requirements Name Nominal value [V] Current [mA] Max. Current [mA] Vcc 3.5 90