Causal learning mechanisms in very young children: Two-, three-, and four-year-olds infer causal relations from patterns of variation and covariation
Causal learning mechanisms in very young children: Two-, three-, and four-year-olds infer causal relations from patterns of variation and covariation
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DOI：
10.1037//0012-1649.37.5.620
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发表时间：
2001-09-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Glymour, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gopnik, A;Sobel, DM;Glymour, C
三项研究调查了幼儿是否能根据变异和协变模式做出准确的因果推断。孩子们通过一种叫做“blicket探测器”的机器看到了一种新的因果关系。“有些物体，但不是其他物体，使机器亮起来，播放音乐。在前两个实验中，孩子们被告知“积木使机器运转”，然后被要求识别哪些物体是“积木”。“2岁、3岁和4岁的孩子被展示了两个不同物体之间的各种变化和协变模式以及机器的激活。所有3个年龄组的人在判断哪些物体是blickets时都考虑了这些信息。在第三个实验中，3岁和4岁的孩子在被要求让机器停止时使用了这些信息：这些结果与因果学习的贝叶斯网络因果图形模型有关。
Three studies investigated whether young children make accurate causal inferences on the basis of patterns of variation and covariation. Children were presented with a new causal relation by means of a machine called the "blicket detector." Some objects, but not others, made the machine light up and play music. In the first 2 experiments, children were told that "blickets make the machine go" and were then asked to identify which objects were "blickets." Two-, 3-, and 4-year-old children were shown various patterns of variation and covariation between two different objects and the activation of the machine. All 3 age groups took this information into account in their causal judgments about which objects were blickets. In a 3rd experiment, 3- and 4-year-old children used the information when they were asked to make the machine stop: These results are related to Bayes-net causal graphical models of causal learning.