Collaborative governance and adaptive management: lessons from California's CALFED Water Program.
Collaborative governance and adaptive management: lessons from California's CALFED Water Program.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envsci.2009.07.002
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发表时间：
2009-10
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
G. Kallis;M. Kiparsky;R. Norgaard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Kallis;M. Kiparsky;R. Norgaard
无论是在技术和制度上的创新，还是在历史上的冲突，加州的供水系统都是世界上最受关注的供水系统之一。本文和本期关于CALFED海湾三角洲计划的特刊延续了这一传统。CALFED可能是迄今为止世界上在协作环境政策和适应性管理方面最雄心勃勃的实验。本期杂志超越了对协作、适应性管理的其他分析的庆祝基调，更深入地探讨了协作网络如何产生创新，更重要的是，也反思了其固有的矛盾、局限性和“阴暗面”。虽然协作治理加强了相互理解，可以成为创新的源泉，但它似乎不适合单独解决许多水和其他环境冲突的核心分配困境。现有研究的一个空白涉及民主政治、合法权威和适应性治理之间有效边界和联系的制度设计，即能够提供足够责任、问责制和民主合法性的制度组合，而不会扼杀自组织互动、共享学习和沟通，这是合作的核心。三角洲地区痛苦地认识到，环境保护和进一步发展可能从根本上是矛盾的；有效的双赢解决方案，无论是体制上的还是技术上的，似乎都不足以满足体制所面临的竞争需求。激进的决定和变革可能是必要的，但在目前的体制安排和政治条件下，它们似乎不太可能。
Both for its technological and institutional innovations and for its history of conflicts, California's water system has been one of the most observed in the world. This article and this Special Issue on the CALFED Bay-Delta Program continue in this tradition. CALFED is likely the most ambitious experiment in collaborative environmental policy and adaptive management the world has seen to date. This Issue moves beyond the celebratory tone of other analyses of collaborative, adaptive management and looks closer into how collaborative networks work to produce innovation, and more importantly to reflect also on their inherent contradictions, limitations and “dark sides”. While collaborative governance enhances mutual understandings and can be a source of innovation, it appears ill-suited to resolve alone the distributive dilemmas at the core of many water – and other environmental – conflicts. A lacuna in existing research concerns the institutional design of effective boundaries and linkages between democratic politics, legitimate authority, and adaptive governance, i.e. the mix of institutions that can provide sufficient responsibility, accountability and democratic legitimacy, without choking off the self-organizing interaction, shared learning, and communication that is at the heart of collaboration. A painful realization in the Delta is that environmental conservation and further growth may be fundamentally at odds; efficient win–win solutions, institutional or technological, seem insufficient to satisfy the competing demands posed upon the system. Radical decisions and changes might be necessary, but they seem unlikely under current institutional arrangements and political conditions.