Analyzing historic human-suid relationships through dental microwear texture and geometric morphometric analyses of archaeological suid teeth in the Ryukyu Islands
Analyzing historic human-suid relationships through dental microwear texture and geometric morphometric analyses of archaeological suid teeth in the Ryukyu Islands
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jas.2021.105419
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发表时间：
2021-06-03
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Endo，Hideki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yamada，Eisuke;Hongo，Hitomi;Endo，Hideki
我们研究了人类与猪的相互作用，以了解日本琉球群岛的猪如何与人类共存几个世纪，尽管每个岛屿的承载能力有限，而且它们的营养需求与人类重叠。我们对琉球群岛不同地点出土的猪遗骸进行了牙齿微磨损纹理分析（DMTA）和几何形态测量（GMM）分析，以确定它们的进食模式。 DMTA 结果表明，大约距今 7000 至 4400 年前的人类可能在屠宰前饲养/饲养一些猪。它们的“野生”臼齿形状表明它们生活在野生生态系统附近，可能不属于家养种群。我们的研究结果表明，猪属于通过狩猎捕获以延迟食用的饲养种群。目前的情况是，猪以人类活动的剩菜或其他副产品为食。因此，我们得出的结论是，猪和人类建立了一种相互依存的关系，而不是成为竞争者，这使它们能够在岛屿上共存。DMTA结果表明，岛屿的养猪系统在17至19世纪期间发生了变化。在岛屿中部地区，猪在地板猪栏里吃的饲料比自然资源要软得多，而在南部地区，猪可以在人类住区周围自由活动。对这一时期猪科动物牙齿轮廓形状的 GMM 分析表明，无论每个考古遗址的地理环境如何，它们在形态上都与在琉球群岛发现的现代本地家养品种相似。这些结果表明一些猪被运往海外。
We investigated human-suid interactions to understand how suids could coexist with humans in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, for centuries despite the limited carrying capacity of each island and their overlapping nutritional needs with humans. We carried out dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA) and geometric morphometric (GMM) analysis on suid remains excavated from different localities on the Ryukyu Islands to determine their feeding patterns. The DMTA results suggested that humans approximately 7000 to 4400 BP probably reared/kept some suids before slaughter. Their “wild” molar shape suggested that they lived in proximity to the wild ecosystem and were probably not part of the domestic stock. Our results showed that suids belonged to a reared population that was captured by hunting for delayed consumption. The emerging picture is that suids were fed leftovers or other by-products of human activities. Thus, we conclude that suids and humans created an interdependent relationship instead of becoming competitors, which enabled them to coexist on the islands.The DMTA results suggested that the pig husbandry system of the islands varied during the 17th–19th centuries. In the central region of the islands, pigs were fed a much softer diet than natural resources in a floored stall, whereas in the southern region, pigs were allowed to range freely around human settlements. The GMM analysis of the outline shape of the teeth of suids from this period showed that they were morphologically similar to the modern native domestic breed found on the Ryukyu Islands, regardless of geographical setting of each archaeological site. These results suggest that some suids were transported overseas.