Intraspecific, interspecific, and seasonal differences in the diet of three mid-sized carnivores in a large neotropical wetland
Intraspecific, interspecific, and seasonal differences in the diet of three mid-sized carnivores in a large neotropical wetland
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DOI：
10.1007/s13364-013-0137-x
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mourao, Guilherme
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bianchi, Rita de Cassia;Campos, Renata Calixto;Mourao, Guilherme
人们对中型哺乳动物食肉动物的饮食和食物资源分配知之甚少，尤其是在热带地区。我们评估了巴西潘塔纳尔湿地的 Leopardus pardalis（豹猫）、Cerdocyonthous（食蟹狐）和 Nasua nasua（棕鼻浣熊）之间的资源分配。 2005 年 12 月至 2008 年 2 月期间，我们收集了必要的数据，以更好地了解饮食的种间、种内和季节变化。通过分析从已知个体（n = 128）收集的粪便（n = 293）来评估饮食习惯，并通过使用杰卡德相似指数的非度量维度尺度来评估饮食成分的差异。在专业豹猫和更通用的食蟹狐狸和棕鼻长鼻浣熊之间观察到了主要的饮食差异。食蟹狐和棕鼻长鼻浣熊捕食节肢动物、水果和脊椎动物，而豹猫几乎完全捕食脊椎动物，主要是啮齿动物和蛇。豹猫对蛇的消耗量是有史以来最高的，棕鼻长鼻浣熊的食肉程度也是如此。对于食蟹狐和棕鼻长鼻浣熊来说，干湿季节对水果和动物性食物的利用存在很大差异。然而，对于这两个物种来说，雄性和雌性的饮食没有显着差异。尽管棕鼻长鼻浣熊具有明显的性别二态性和空间隔离，但结果并不支持这样的假设：体型二态性主要是为了减少两性对食物的竞争而进行的适应。相反，空间使用的二态性和模式可能更多地与雄性之间争夺雌性的竞争有关。
The diet and partitioning of food resources among mid-sized mammalian carnivores is poorly known, especially in the tropics. We evaluated the resource partitioning between Leopardus pardalis (ocelot), Cerdocyon thous (crab-eating fox), and Nasua nasua (brown-nosed coati) in the Pantanal of Brazil. Between December 2005 and February 2008, we collected data necessary to better understand interspecific, intraspecific, and seasonal variability in diet. Food habits were assessed by analysis of feces (n = 293) collected from known individuals (n = 128), and differences in dietary composition were evaluated through nonmetric dimensional scaling using the Jaccard similarity index. The main diet differences were observed between the specialist ocelot and the more generalist crab-eating fox and brown-nosed coati. Crab-eating foxes and brown-nosed coatis preyed on arthropods, fruits, and vertebrates whereas ocelots preyed almost entirely on vertebrates, mainly rodents and snakes. Ocelots' consumption of snakes was the highest ever recorded, as was the extent of carnivory by brown-nosed coatis. For the crab-eating fox and the brown-nosed coati, there were large differences between the use of fruits and animal foods in the wet and dry season. Yet for both species there were no significant differences in the diets of males and females. Despite the conspicuous sexual dimorphism and spatial segregation that are typical of brown-nosed coatis, the results do not support the hypothesis that size dimorphism is primarily an adaptation to reduce intersexual competition for food. Rather, dimorphisms and patterns of space use may be more related to competition among males for access to females.