Mystical-type experiences occasioned by psilocybin mediate the attribution of personal meaning and spiritual significance 14 months later
Mystical-type experiences occasioned by psilocybin mediate the attribution of personal meaning and spiritual significance 14 months later
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DOI：
10.1177/0269881108094300
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发表时间：
2008-08-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Jesse, R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Griffiths, R. R.;Richards, W. A.;Jesse, R.
裸盖菇素几个世纪以来一直被用于宗教目的；然而，科学上对其长期影响知之甚少。我们之前报道了一项评估高剂量裸盖菇素对心理影响的双盲研究的影响。本报告介绍了14个月的随访，并检查了随访结果与筛查和服药期间获得的数据之间的关系。参与者是36名未服用致幻剂的成年人，他们报告定期参加宗教/精神活动。口服裸盖菇素（30毫克/70公斤）在两个或三个疗程中的一个疗程中使用，哌甲酯（40毫克/70公斤）在其他疗程中使用。在治疗过程中，志愿者们被鼓励闭上眼睛，把注意力转向内心。在14个月的随访中，分别有58%和67%的志愿者将裸盖菇素引发的经历评为他们生活中最具个人意义的五种经历之一和最具精神意义的五种经历之一；64%的人表示这种经历增加了幸福感或生活满意度；58%的人符合“完整”神秘体验的标准。相关分析和回归分析表明，在治疗当天评估的神秘体验在后续随访中对个人意义和精神意义的高评级中发挥了核心作用。在整个研究中评估的个性、情感、生活质量和精神方面的指标中，只有一个测量神秘体验的量表与筛选有区别。当在支持条件下服用裸盖菇素时，志愿者会产生类似于自发发生的神秘体验，在14个月的随访中，志愿者认为这种体验是他们生命中最具个人意义和精神意义的体验之一。
Psilocybin has been used for centuries for religious purposes; however, little is known scientifically about its long-term effects. We previously reported the effects of a double-blind study evaluating the psychological effects of a high psilocybin dose. This report presents the 14-month follow-up and examines the relationship of the follow-up results to data obtained at screening and on drug session days. Participants were 36 hallucinogen-naive adults reporting regular participation in religious/spiritual activities. Oral psilocybin (30 mg/70 kg) was administered on one of two or three sessions, with methylphenidate (40 mg/70 kg) administered on the other session(s). During sessions, volunteers were encouraged to close their eyes and direct their attention inward. At the 14-month follow-up, 58% and 67%, respectively, of volunteers rated the psilocybin-occasioned experience as being among the five most personally meaningful and among the five most spiritually significant experiences of their lives; 64% indicated that the experience increased well-being or life satisfaction; 58% met criteria for having had a 'complete' mystical experience. Correlation and regression analyses indicated a central role of the mystical experience assessed on the session day in the high ratings of personal meaning and spiritual significance at follow-up. Of the measures of personality, affect, quality of life and spirituality assessed across the study, only a scale measuring mystical experience showed a difference from screening. When administered under supportive conditions, psilocybin occasioned experiences similar to spontaneously occurring mystical experiences that, at 14-month follow-up, were considered by volunteers to be among the most personally meaningful and spiritually significant of their lives.