Are experiences of family and of organized violence predictors of aggression and violent behavior? A study with unaccompanied refugee minors
Are experiences of family and of organized violence predictors of aggression and violent behavior? A study with unaccompanied refugee minors
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DOI：
10.3402/ejpt.v7.27856
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Elbert, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mueller-Bamouh, Veronika;Ruf-Leuschner, Martina;Elbert, Thomas
背景：人们强烈支持家庭虐待是日后犯罪和暴力犯罪的一个风险因素，而关于有组织的暴力经历对暴力循环的影响的经验证据则不太清楚。然而，并非所有受虐待的儿童都会成为暴力犯罪者。这就提出了一个问题：哪些因素会影响这些孩子未来出现攻击性行为的风险。最近的证据表明，攻击性食欲特征在攻击性行为的预测中起着重要作用。目的：研究的重点是调查是否有组织地暴露于 1）； 2) 家庭暴力同样会导致攻击行为，以及这与攻击欲望的特征有何关系。此外，揭示创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 症状的严重程度如何调节暴力经历和攻击行为之间的关联也很有意义。方法：为了回答这些问题，我们调查了曾遭受过不同程度的两种暴力类型的无人陪伴的未成年难民。通过结构化访谈，对 49 名志愿者的有组织暴力和家庭暴力经历、自我实施攻击行为、攻击欲望特征和 PTSD 症状进行了评估。结果：序贯回归分析显示，攻击欲望特征和经历过家庭暴力是自我攻击行为的独立且显着的预测因素，合计占方差的 70%。然而，接触有组织的暴力与攻击行为或攻击欲望没有显着相关。 PTSD 症状严重程度与攻击行为无关，但与家庭暴力和有组织暴力的接触程度相关。结论：结果表明，除了家庭暴力的影响外，攻击性食欲特征的升高在攻击行为中也起着至关重要的作用，在心理治疗中应予以考虑。
Background: There is strong support for familial abuse as a risk factor for later delinquency and violent offending, whereas empirical evidence about the contribution of experienced organized violence to the cycle of violence is less clear. Nevertheless not all abused children do become violent offenders. This raises the question of which factors influence these children's risk of future aggressive behavior. Recent evidence suggests that the trait of appetitive aggression plays an important role in the prediction of aggressive behavior. Objective: The focus of the study is to investigate whether exposures to 1) organized; and 2) family violence equally contribute to aggressive behavior and how this is related to a trait of appetitive aggression. Furthermore it is of interest to uncover how the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms modulates associations between violent experiences and aggression.Method: To answer these questions, we investigated unaccompanied refugee minors who had been exposed to varying levels of both violence types. Using structured interviews, experiences of organized and familial violence, self-committed aggressive acts, the trait of appetitive aggression, and PTSD symptoms were assessed in 49 volunteers.Results: A sequential regression analysis revealed that the trait of appetitive aggression and experienced family violence were independent and significant predictors of self-committed aggressive acts, altogether accounting for 70% of the variance. Exposure to organized violence, however, was not significantly associated with aggressive acts or appetitive aggression. PTSD symptom severity was not correlated with measures of aggression but with the exposure to familial and organized violence.Conclusions: Results suggest that in addition to the impact of family violence, an elevated trait of appetitive aggression plays a crucial role in aggressive behavior and should be considered in psychotherapeutic treatment.