Effect of external oxygen mass transfer resistances on viability of immunoisolated tissue.
Effect of external oxygen mass transfer resistances on viability of immunoisolated tissue.
复制标题
外部氧传质阻力对免疫隔离组织活力的影响。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb52192.x
复制
发表时间：
1997
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Colton,CK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Avgoustiniatos,ES;Colton,CK
具有分化功能的细胞或组织的移植在人类疾病的治疗中具有希望，但是对免疫抑制药物的需要可能具有严重的副作用。最小化或消除免疫抑制的一种方法是通过半透膜对移植组织进行免疫隔离，以保护其免受免疫排斥，从而产生可植入的生物杂交人工。该膜保护移植组织免受细胞和体液免疫应答的组分的影响，但允许分泌产物通过。同时，移植组织、膜和周围宿主组织的运输特性必须允许营养物和氧气的充分供应，以及通过从或向最近的血液供应的扩散来去除代谢废物。细胞可以以高组织样密度包封，或者它们可以以单个细胞或细胞聚集体的形式分散（例如，胰岛）在细胞外凝胶基质如琼脂、藻酸盐或壳聚糖中。高密度培养（如果可实现的话）是有利的，因为它使植入装置的尺寸最小化。在免疫隔离装置中移植所需的组织量由每个细胞所需试剂的分泌速率和身体所需活性剂的量决定：其范围为106至超过109个细胞，并取决于具体的医学应用。“问题的各个方面的复杂性和难度随着所需植入组织的体积而增加。因此，毫不奇怪，一些需要最少量移植组织的中枢神经系统应用“是第一个进入临床测试的。S
Transplantation of cells or tissues with differentiated functions has promise in treatment of human disease, but the need for immunosuppressive drugs may have serious side effects. I2 One approach to minimizing or eliminating immunosuppression is immunoi~ olation~ of the transplanted tissue by a semipermeable membrane to protect it from immune rejection, thereby creating an implantable biohybrid artificial The membrane protects the transplanted tissue from components of both the cellular and humoral immune response but permits passage of the secreted product. At the same time, the transport properties of the graft tissue, membrane, and surrounding host tissue must permit sufficient supply of nutrients and oxygen, as well as the removal of metabolic waste products, by diffusion from or to the nearest blood supply.The cells may be encapsulated at a high tissue-like density, or they may be dispersed in the form of individual cells or cell aggregates (eg, islets of Langerhans) in an extracellular gel matrix such as agar, alginate, or chitosan. High density culture, if attainable, is advantageous because it minimizes the size of the implanted device. The amount of tissue required for transplantation in an immunoisolation device is determined by the secretion rate of the desired agent per cell and the amount of the active agent required by the body: it ranges from 106 to more than lo9 cells and depends upon the specific medical application." The complexity and difficulty of all aspects of the problem increases with the volume of implanted tissue required. Thus, it is not surprising that some central nervous system applications, which require the least amount of transplanted tissue," are the first to advance to clinical testing. s