Sensitivity to Shared Information in Social Learning.
Sensitivity to Shared Information in Social Learning.
复制标题
对社交学习中共享信息的敏感性。
DOI：
10.1111/cogs.12485
复制
发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Whalen A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Whalen A
社会学习已被证明是一种进化适应策略，但它可以通过许多不同的认知机制来实现。社会学习的适应性优势取决于每个学习者从信息提供者那里获得相关和准确信息的能力。举报人的知识来源是评价多个举报人提供的咨询意见的一个特别重要的线索;如果举报人分享其信息来源或从对方那里获得信息，那么他们的证词在统计上是依赖性的，可能不如不分享信息的举报人的证词可靠。在这项研究中，我们使用贝叶斯模型来确定理性学习者在向其他人学习时应该如何结合共享信息的影响，进行三个实验来研究人类学习者的行为是否相似。我们发现，人们对许多不同的依赖模式很敏感，支持使用复杂的社会学习策略，超越了复制大多数，并扩大了社会学习可能是一种适应性策略的情况。
Social learning has been shown to be an evolutionarily adaptive strategy, but it can be implemented via many different cognitive mechanisms. The adaptive advantage of social learning depends crucially on the ability of each learner to obtain relevant and accurate information from informants. The source of informants’ knowledge is a particularly important cue for evaluating advice from multiple informants; if the informants share the source of their information or have obtained their information from each other, then their testimony is statistically dependent and may be less reliable than testimony from informants who do not share information. In this study, we use a Bayesian model to determine how rational learners should incorporate the effects of shared information when learning from other people, conducting three experiments that examine whether human learners behave similarly. We find that people are sensitive to a number of different patterns of dependency, supporting the use of a sophisticated strategy for social learning that goes beyond copying the majority, and broadening the situations in which social learning is likely to be an adaptive strategy.