European Migration: Push and Pull
European Migration: Push and Pull
复制标题
欧洲移民：推与拉
DOI：
10.1177/016001769601900211
复制
发表时间：
1994
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
K. Zimmermann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Zimmermann
近几十年来，欧洲经历了推拉式移民的时期。虽然拉动式移民被视为经济上有利，但人们担心推动式移民会加速就业危机。本文通过论证移民可能会削弱制度约束来限定这种观点。这一思想背后的理论框架解释了异质劳动力、垄断工会行为和受管制移民的失业。对欧洲经验研究的审查得出结论，移徙在过去基本上是有益的。新的计量经济学调查表明，来自招聘目标国家的移民受到商业周期效应（需求拉动）和连锁移民（供应推动）的强烈驱动，但随着1973年招聘的停止，这一过程发生了变化。与一般预期相反，寻求庇护者和难民人数的减少（供应推动）也受到接收国相对经济条件的影响。
In recent decades Europe has experienced periods of push and pull migration. Whereas pull migration has been seen as economically beneficial, there is concern that push migration will accelerate the employment crisis. This article qualifies this view by arguing that migration may erode institutional constraints. The theoretical framework behind this idea accounts for heterogeneous labor, monopoly union behavior, and unemployment with regulated migration. A review of empirical studies for Europe concludes that migration was largely beneficial in the past. New econometric investigations suggest that immigration from countries that are targeted for recruitment was strongly driven by business cycle effects (demand-pull) and chain migration (supply-push), but that the processes changed with the halt in recruitment in 1973. Contrary to general expectations, (lows of asylum seekers and refugees (supply-push) are also affected by relative economic conditions in the receiving countries.