The fast and the furious: rapid long-range signaling in plants
The fast and the furious: rapid long-range signaling in plants
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DOI：
10.1093/plphys/kiaa098
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发表时间：
2021-01-07
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Gilroy, Simon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johns, Sarah;Hagihara, Takuma;Gilroy, Simon
植物具有一个系统性的信号系统，通过该系统，局部刺激可以导致快速的、植物范围的反应。除了从RNA和肽到激素和代谢物的化学信使的重新分配之外，还发现了通过传输电，Ca2+，活性氧物质甚至可能是液压信号起作用的通信系统。后一种系统每秒可以在许多细胞中传播信号，研究人员现在开始揭示这种快速通信网络背后的分子机制。因此，诸如产生NAPDH氧化酶的活性氧物质和双孔通道的离子通道、谷氨酸受体样和环核苷酸门控家族的元素都是这些信号快速传播所需的。在到达它们的遥远目标时，这些变化触发了从激素产生到初级代谢物水平变化和基因表达模式转变的反应。这些系统性反应在感知到初始局部信号的数秒至数分钟内发生，从而允许快速部署整个工厂的反应。例如，一只昆虫开始咀嚼一片叶子，在它有机会继续咀嚼菜单上的下一片叶子之前，就会在整个植物中触发先发制人的反食草动物防御。
Plants possess a systemic signaling system whereby local stimuli can lead to rapid, plant-wide responses. In addition to the redistribution of chemical messengers that range from RNAs and peptides to hormones and metabolites, a communication system acting through the transmission of electrical, Ca2+, reactive oxygen species and potentially even hydraulic signals has also been discovered. This latter system can propagate signals across many cells each second and researchers are now beginning to uncover the molecular machineries behind this rapid communications network. Thus, elements such as the reactive oxygen species producing NAPDH oxidases and ion channels of the two pore channel, glutamate receptor-like and cyclic nucleotide gated families are all required for the rapid propagation of these signals. Upon arrival at their distant targets, these changes trigger responses ranging from the production of hormones, to changes in the levels of primary metabolites and shifts in patterns of gene expression. These systemic responses occur within seconds to minutes of perception of the initial, local signal, allowing for the rapid deployment of plant-wide responses. For example, an insect starting to chew on just a single leaf triggers preemptive antiherbivore defenses throughout the plant well before it has a chance to move on to the next leaf on its menu.