Short chain fatty acids (propionic and hexanoic) decrease Staphylococcus aureus internalization into bovine mammary epithelial cells and modulate antimicrobial peptide expression
Short chain fatty acids (propionic and hexanoic) decrease Staphylococcus aureus internalization into bovine mammary epithelial cells and modulate antimicrobial peptide expression
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DOI：
10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.08.025
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发表时间：
2012-03-23
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Lopez-Meza, Joel E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alva-Murillo, Nayeli;Ochoa-Zarzosa, Alejandra;Lopez-Meza, Joel E.
短链脂肪酸（SCFA）是反刍动物的关键营养素，主要通过碳水化合物的细菌发酵获得。除了营养功能外，SCFA 还具有抗菌和抗炎特性以及免疫调节作用。据报道，丁酸钠可减少金黄色葡萄球菌内化到牛乳腺上皮细胞 (bMEC) 中并调节抗菌肽 mRNA 表达。然而，尚未评估丙酸钠（NaP）和己酸钠（NaH）是否具有类似的作用。由于它们存在于牛奶中，本研究的目的是确定两种 SCFA 对金黄色葡萄球菌内化至 bMEC 的影响，并评估它们对先天免疫元件调节的影响。我们的数据表明，两种 SCFA（0.25-5 mM）不会影响金黄色葡萄球菌生长和 bMEC 活力。通过庆大霉素保护测定（MOI 30:1），我们发现 NaP 和 NaH 减少了细菌内化到 bMEC 中，与未处理的对照相比，其范围分别为 27-55% 和 39-65%。此外，两种 SCFA 均上调气管抗菌肽 (TAP) mRNA 表达；然而，牛中性粒细胞β-防御素5 (BNBD5) mRNA 表达没有改变或下调。此外，金黄色葡萄球菌上调了 TAP 和 BNBD5 的表达。最后，SCFA 处理下细菌内化的减少与一氧化氮的产生无关。总之，NaP和NaH减少金黄色葡萄球菌内化至bMEC并调节TAP基因表达，这可能与细菌内化的减少有关。 (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are critical nutrients for ruminants and are mainly obtained from bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates. In addition to their nutrimental function, SCFAs have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as immunomodulatory roles. It has been reported that sodium butyrate reduces Staphylococcus aureus internalization into bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMEC) and modulates antimicrobial peptide mRNA expression. Nevertheless, it has not been evaluated if sodium propionate (NaP) and sodium hexanoate (NaH) have similar actions. Since they are present in milk, the aim of this study was to determinate the effect of both SCFAs on S. aureus internalization into bMEC and to evaluate their effects on modulation of innate immunity elements. Our data showed that both SCFAs (0.25-5 mM) did not affect S. aureus growth and bMEC viability. By gentamicin protection assay (MOI 30:1) we showed that NaP and NaH reduced bacterial internalization into bMEC, which ranged 27-55% and 39-65%, respectively, in relation to non treated controls. Also, both SCFAs up-regulate tracheal antimicrobial peptide (TAP) mRNA expression; however, bovine neutrophil beta-defensin 5 (BNBD5) mRNA expression was not modified or was down-regulated. In addition, TAP and BNBD5 expression was up-regulated by S. aureus. Finally, the decrease in bacterial internalization under SCFA treatments is not related to nitric oxide production. In conclusion, NaP and NaH decrease S. aureus internalization into bMEC and modulate TAP gene expression, which may be related to the reduction in bacterial internalization. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.