AVOIDING CURRENT OVERSIGHTS IN MARINE RESERVE DESIGN
AVOIDING CURRENT OVERSIGHTS IN MARINE RESERVE DESIGN
复制标题
避免当前海洋保护区设计中的监督
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Largier
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Gaines;B. Gaylord;J. Largier
上面标题中的双关语反映了两点。首先，海洋生命周期通常包括一个由洋流移动的分散的幼体阶段。这一阶段通常是主要的，或唯一的，将空间上分离的突起联系在一起的扩散手段。因此，扩散的细节可能在确定海洋保护区作为管理和养护工具的有效性方面发挥关键作用。然而，奇怪的是(这是标题的第二点)，尽管现在已经有几十个海洋保护区的模型，但很少有真正明确地解释幼虫扩散的模型。此外，那些确实包括扩散的，几乎完全是通过将其视为非定向扩散过程(扩散)来这样做的，而忽略了洋流定向输送(传播)的影响。在这里，我们建立了一个海洋生物种群动力学模型，成虫相对栖息，其幼虫在简单的流场中传输，具有扩散扩散和定向特征。我们发现，平流在决定不同储备配置的有效性方面起着决定性的作用。其中两个最重要的后果是：(1)在强流的情况下，多个保护区可以明显比同等总规模的单一保护区更有效；(2)在强流存在的情况下，保护区在渔业产量方面可以显著超过传统的基于努力的管理策略，而且这样做的风险更小。这些结果表明，成功的保护区设计可能需要做出相当大的新努力，以明确检查幼鸟扩散的作用。
The pun in the above title reflects two points. First, marine life cycles com- monly include a dispersive juvenile stage that is moved about by ocean currents. This stage often is the predominant, or only, means of dispersal that connects spatially disjunct pop- ulations. As a consequence, details of dispersal likely play a critical role in determining the effectiveness of marine reserves as a management and conservation tool. Curiously, however (and this is the second point of the title), although dozens of models for marine reserves now exist, few actually account explicitly for larval dispersal. Moreover, those that do include dispersal, do so almost exclusively by considering it to be a nondirectional spreading process (diffusion), ignoring the effects of directional transport by currents (ad- vection). Here we develop a population dynamical model for marine organisms with rel- atively sedentary adults whose larvae are transported in a simple flow field with both diffusive spreading and directional characteristics. We find that advection can play a dom- inant role in determining the effectiveness of different reserve configurations. Two of the most important consequences are: (1) with strong currents, multiple reserves can be mark- edly more effective than single reserves of equivalent total size; and (2) in the presence of strong currents, reserves can significantly outperform traditional, effort-based manage- ment strategies in terms of fisheries yield, and do so with less risk. These results suggest that successful reserve design may require considerable new efforts to examine explicitly the role of dispersal of young.