The Impact of Affirmative Action on the Employment of Minorities and Women: A Longitudinal Analysis Using Three Decades of EEO-1 Filings
The Impact of Affirmative Action on the Employment of Minorities and Women: A Longitudinal Analysis Using Three Decades of EEO-1 Filings
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DOI：
10.1002/pam.21881
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Kurtulus, Fidan Ana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kurtulus, Fidan Ana
平权行动在美国公司少数族裔和女性就业增长中发挥了什么作用？本文提出了一个纵向分析这个问题，利用丰富的变化，在企业之间的时间联邦合同，以确定肯定性行动的效果在三十年的过程中，从1973年到2003年。这是第一份全面记录美国联邦合同中的扶持行动对公司内就业构成的长期和动态影响的研究报告。我使用了一个由美国平等就业机会委员会（U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission）的10万多家大型私营企业组成的新小组，其中既包括获得联邦合同并因此被授权实施平权行动的公司，也包括所有行业和地区的非承包商公司。该文件的主要结果表明，1973年至2003年期间，联邦合同中平等权利行动的主要受益者是黑人和美洲土著妇女和男子。对签订合同前后的劳动力构成情况进行的动态事件研究分析表明，平权行动对增加受保护群体份额的影响很大一部分发生在获得合同的头四年内，即使在公司不再是联邦承包商之后，这些增加的份额仍然存在。该文件还揭示了重要的结果，如何影响的平权行动演变超过1973年至2003年，特别是，最快的增长在就业份额的少数民族和妇女在联邦承包商相对于非承包公司发生在20世纪70年代和80年代初，在随后的几年大幅减速。(C)2015年，公共政策分析与管理协会。
What role has affirmative action played in the growth of minority and female employment in U.S. firms? This paper presents a longitudinal analysis of this question by exploiting rich variation across firms in the timing of federal contracting to identify affirmative action effects over the course of three decades spanning 1973 to 2003. It constitutes the first study to comprehensively document the long-term and dynamic effects of affirmative action in federal contracting on employment composition within firms in the United States. I use a new panel of over 100,000 large private-sector firms from the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, including both firms that obtain federal contracts and are therefore mandated to implement affirmative action and firms that are noncontractors, across all industries and regions. The paper's key results indicate that the primary beneficiaries of affirmative action in federal contracting over 1973 to 2003 were black and Native American women and men. Dynamic event study analysis of workforce composition around the time of contracting reveals that a large part of the effect of affirmative action on increasing protected group shares occurred within the first four years of gaining a contract, and that these increased shares persisted even after a firm was no longer a federal contractor. The paper also uncovers important results on how the impact of affirmative action evolved over 1973 to 2003, in particular that the fastest growth in the employment shares of minorities and women at federal contractors relative to noncontracting firms occurred during the 1970s and early 1980s, decelerating substantially in ensuing years. (C) 2015 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.