The frail renin-angiotensin system.
The frail renin-angiotensin system.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cger.2010.08.004
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发表时间：
2011-02
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Abadir PM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abadir PM
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a hormonal system that is of vital importance not only in the regulation of arterial blood pressure and salt balance, but also in many physiologic and pathophysiologic mechanisms in almost every organ system. 1–3 The system consists mainly of a 2-step enzymatic cascade catalyzed by renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), generating angiotensin II (Ang II), a single bioactive peptide. Ang II, the main RAS effector hormone, acts through 2 receptor subtypes, Ang II types 1 and 2 receptors (AT1R and AT2R)(Fig. 1). 4, 5 Both the receptor types belong to the G protein–coupled receptor family but differ in terms of tissue distribution and cell signaling pathways. Most of the functions of Ang II are carried through AT1R. The role and biologic functions of AT2R are less studied. It has been documented that AT2R inhibits and antagonizes AT1R-mediated functions, 6–9 and when stimulated by Ang II, AT2R exerts effects that are the opposite of AT1R, including antiinflammatory, 10 antiproliferative, 10 and antiapoptotic actions (Table 1). 11 Hence, AT2R may play an important role in vascular aging.Evidence suggests that virtually every organ system in the human body possesses a local RAS. The components of RAS are present in peripheral tissues such as vasculature, kidneys, adrenal glands, heart, and immune cells, all of which locally produce Ang II. 12–14 These local systems seem to be independently regulated and compartmentalized from the plasma circulation. 15
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影响因子：
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作者：
Basso, N;Paglia, N;Inserra, F
通讯作者：
Inserra, F
影响因子：
37.8
作者：
Devereux, RB;Dahlöf, B;Wachtell, K
通讯作者：
Wachtell, K
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
Cohen, HJ;Harris, T;Pieper, CF
通讯作者：
Pieper, CF
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Bedecs, K;Elbaz, N;Nahmias, C
通讯作者：
Nahmias, C
影响因子：
8.3
作者：
Bascands, JL;Girolami, JP;Blaes, N
通讯作者：
Blaes, N