Operational and Environmental Efficiencies of Japanese Electric Power Companies from 2003 to 2015: Influence of Market Reform and Fukushima Nuclear Power Accident
Operational and Environmental Efficiencies of Japanese Electric Power Companies from 2003 to 2015: Influence of Market Reform and Fukushima Nuclear Power Accident
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DOI：
10.1155/2017/4936595
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Goto;Toshifumi Takahashi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Goto;Toshifumi Takahashi
本研究衡量了日本九家现有电力公司（EPCos）的运营效率和环境效率，并利用2003年至2015年的数据集考察了市场改革和福岛核电站事故对效率的影响。本研究采用面向输出的径向数据包络分析（DEA）模型来衡量效率。在衡量运营效率时使用了三种投入和三种期望产出，在衡量环境效率时，除了投入和期望产出外，还使用了一种非期望产出。电力公司在运营过程中不仅产生期望产出，例如电力，还产生非期望产出，例如二氧化碳。在衡量环境效率时，本研究使用了一种独特的DEA模型，该模型假定生态技术创新的发生。结果显示，在本研究期间，电力公司的环境效率大多保持不变，而运营效率在同一时期下降。此外，结果表明日本电力公司通过推动生态技术创新努力减少二氧化碳排放。克鲁斯卡尔 - 沃利斯秩和检验表明了电力公司之间运营效率和环境效率的差异。随着市场自由化的推进，这种绩效差异可能会变得更大，这可能会导致该行业进一步的结构变化。
This study measures operational and environmental efficiencies of nine incumbent electric power companies (EPCos) in Japan and examines an influence of market reform and Fukushima nuclear power plant accident on efficiencies using a data set from 2003 to 2015. This study applies output-oriented radial data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to the measurement of efficiencies. Three inputs and three desirable outputs are used for the measurement of operational efficiency, and one undesirable output besides inputs and desirable outputs is used to measure environmental efficiency. EPCos produce not only desirable output, for example, electricity, but also undesirable output, for example, CO2, for their operations. For the measurement of environmental efficiency, this study uses a unique DEA model that assumes occurrence of ecotechnology innovation. The results reveal that environmental efficiency of EPCos is mostly invariant over the period of this study, while operational efficiency decreases in the same period. In addition, the results present that Japanese EPCos make efforts to reduce CO2 emissions by promoting ecotechnology innovation. The Kruskal–Wallis rank sum test indicates differences in operational and environmental efficiencies among EPCos. Such performance differences might become larger as market liberalization advances, which could lead to further structural changes of the industry.