European competitiveness: Location decisions of Japanese multinational firms in European manufacturing industries
European competitiveness: Location decisions of Japanese multinational firms in European manufacturing industries
复制标题
欧洲竞争力：日本跨国公司在欧洲制造业的区位决策
DOI：
10.1017/cbo9780511984006.002
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发表时间：
1993
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
H. Yamawaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Yamawaki
20世纪80年代后期欧洲出现的主要经济发展之一是日本对欧洲市场直接投资的突然增长。虽然日本在美国的直接投资在20世纪80年代期间增长最为惊人，但其在欧洲的增长同样引人注目，特别是在1987年之后。日本对欧洲制造业的直接投资从1985年的3.23亿美元激增到1987年的8.52亿美元，1988年进一步增加到15.48亿美元。事实上，仅1987年和1988年的投资流量就占1965年至1988年日本对欧洲直接投资累计流量的大约一半。正如日本在美国日益增长的直接投资引发了有关其对美国经济影响的争论一样，日本对欧洲直接投资的突然增加也引发了有关其对欧洲贸易和工业影响的政策讨论。2欧共体内部这些政策讨论提出的一个基本问题是，日本直接投资问题是应该从每个成员国的角度考虑，还是应该从欧共体的角度考虑（Stopford, 1990； Micossi和Viesti， 1991）。尽管这个问题的重要性构成了制定针对外国直接投资的共同欧盟政策的参考点，但缺乏对指导讨论的数据的系统分析（Dunning和Cantwell， 1989）。本章的目的是通过提出一些关于日本对欧洲制造业直接投资的模式和特征的实证证据来填补这一文献空白。本章特别提出以下问题：(1)日本在欧洲的直接投资在不同的制造业中是如何分布的？(2)日本在制造业的直接投资分布情况
One of the major economic developments that emerged in Europe during the late 1980s is the sudden growth of Japanese direct investment into the European markets. While Japanese direct investment has grown most spectacularly in the United States during the 1980s, its growth in Europe is equally notable particularly after 1987. The flow of Japanese direct investment into European manufacturing surged from $323 million in 1985 to $852 million in 1987 and further increased to $1,548 million in 1988. Indeed, the investment flow of 1987 and 1988 alone accounted for approximately half of the cumulative flow of Japanese direct investment into Europe between 1965 and 1988. Just as the growing presence of Japanese direct investment in the United States has generated debates regarding its impact on the US economy, 1 the sudden increase in Japanese direct investment into Europe has sparked policy discussions over its influence on European trade and industry. 2 One of the fundamental questions that is raised by these policy discussions within the European Community (EC) is whether the issue of Japanese direct investment should be considered from the perspective of each member state or from the EC-wide perspective (Stopford, 1990, and Micossi and Viesti, 1991). Despite the importance of this issue that constitutes a reference point for the formulation of a common EC-wide policy towards foreign direct investment, there is a scarcity of systematic analysis of the data that guides the discussion (Dunning and Cantwell, 1989). 3 The purpose of this chapter is to fill this gap in the literature by presenting some empirical evidence on the patterns and characteristics of Japanese direct investment in European manufacturing. In particular, this chapter asks the following questions:(1) how is Japanese direct investment in Europe distributed among different manufacturing industries?;(2) how is Japanese direct investment in manufacturing distributed