Effects of a nitrification inhibitor on nitrogen species in the soil and the yield and phosphorus uptake of maize.
Effects of a nitrification inhibitor on nitrogen species in the soil and the yield and phosphorus uptake of maize.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136895
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发表时间：
2020-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Vogel;R. Sekine;Jianyin Huang;Daniel Steckenmesser;D. Steffens;T. Huthwelker;C. Borca;A. E. Pradas D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Vogel;R. Sekine;Jianyin Huang;Daniel Steckenmesser;D. Steffens;T. Huthwelker;C. Borca;A. E. Pradas D
磷(P)资源的有效性正在下降，农业土壤中养分的使用效率变得越来越重要。尤其是来自回收材料的磷肥，它们的植物利用率往往很低。在磷肥改良的土壤中，与铵的特定配施可以提高磷的植物有效性，从而提高植物的产量。为了研究这一效应，我们在微酸性土壤(pH=6.9)上进行了玉米盆栽试验，分别使用一种水溶性(三重过磷酸钙[TSP])和两种水不溶性(污水污泥基和过磷酸钙[Hyp])磷肥和一种硝酸铵(硝酸铵)，并添加或不添加硝化抑制剂(NI)。氮肥处理显著提高了玉米干物质产量，其中Hyp(14.7~21.5 mg/盆)和TSP(40.0~45.4 mg/盆)处理显著提高了玉米干物质产量。此外，施NI的三个磷处理对磷的吸收均略有增加，但不显著。Olsen-P提取和P-K边显微X射线吸收近边结构(XANES)谱表明，水不溶性磷肥的磷灰石-P在植物生长期间被活化。此外，新的氮(N)K边Micro-XANES光谱和Mogilevina方法表明，硝酸铵的应用增加了土壤中可检测到的热点区域对铵的固定。因此，NI对硝化过程的延迟以及土壤中临时固定的铵可能缓慢释放，导致土壤溶液中有大量的植物有效铵。这可能是由于植物在吸收氨的过程中释放了H+，从而降低了根际pH，从而活化了改良土壤中的磷，增加了玉米的干物质产量。这对于不溶于水的磷灰石基磷肥(传统的和回收的)尤其重要，因为它们的植物利用率往往很低。
Phosphorus (P) resource availability is declining and the efficiency of applied nutrients in agricultural soils is becoming increasingly important. This is especially true for P fertilizers from recycled materials, which often have low plant availability. Specific co-fertilization with ammonium can enhance P plant availability in soils amended with these P fertilizers, and thus the yield of plants. To investigate this effect, we performed a pot experiment with maize in slightly acidic soil (pH 6.9) with one water-soluble (triple superphosphate [TSP]) and two water-insoluble (sewage sludge-based and hyperphosphate [Hyp]) P fertilizers and an ammonium sulfate nitrate with or without a nitrification inhibitor (NI). The dry matter yield of maize was significantly increased by the NI with the Hyp (from 14.7 to 21.5 g/pot) and TSP (from 40.0 to 45.4 g/pot) treatments. Furthermore, P uptake was slightly increased in all three P treatments with the NI, but not significantly. Olsen-P extraction and P K-edge micro-X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy showed that apatite-P of the water-insoluble P fertilizers mobilized during the plant growth period. In addition, novel nitrogen (N) K-edge micro-XANES spectroscopy and the Mogilevkina method showed that the application of an NI increased the fixation of ammonium in detectable hot spots in the soil. Thus, the delay in the nitrification process by the NI and the possible slow-release of temporarily fixed ammonium in the soil resulted in a high amount of plant available ammonium in the soil solution. This development probably decreases the rhizosphere pH due to release of H+by plants during ammonium uptake, which mobilizes phosphorus in the amended soil and increases the dry matter yield of maize. This is especially important for water-insoluble apatite-based P fertilizers (conventional and recycled), which tend to have poor plant availability.