Responsibility Gaps and Black Box Healthcare AI: Shared Responsibilization as a Solution.
Responsibility Gaps and Black Box Healthcare AI: Shared Responsibilization as a Solution.
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责任差距和黑匣子医疗保健人工智能：共享责任作为解决方案。
DOI：
10.1007/s44206-023-00073-z
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Blumenthal-Barby,Jennifer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lang,BenjaminH;Nyholm,Sven;Blumenthal-Barby,Jennifer
随着复杂的人工智能软件变得越来越普遍，越来越紧密地融入传统人类奋进的领域，许多人提出了如何理解人工智能行为或对结果的影响的责任（无论是道德的，法律的还是因果关系）的问题。所谓的“责任差距”发生在当人工智能自动化由人类执行的体力或认知劳动并犯下错误时，道德责任或责任的普通归属存在明显的鸿沟时。医疗保健管理是一个由这些人工智能产生的责任差距成熟的行业。医疗保健的道德风险通常是生与死，在标准化护理的同时减少临床不确定性的需求激励了人工智能诊断师和诊断师的发展和整合。在本文中，我们认为（1）责任差距是由“黑匣子”医疗保健AI再生的，（2）责任差距的存在（如果不解决）会产生严重的道德问题，（3）一个合适的解决方案是让相关利益相关者对差距承担责任，对严格来说他们不应该受到指责的事情承担一些道德责任，以及（4）如果采取这种解决方案，黑盒医疗AI将被允许用于提供医疗保健。
As sophisticated artificial intelligence software becomes more ubiquitously and more intimately integrated within domains of traditionally human endeavor, many are raising questions over how responsibility (be it moral, legal, or causal) can be understood for an AI’s actions or influence on an outcome. So called “responsibility gaps” occur whenever there exists an apparent chasm in the ordinary attribution of moral blame or responsibility when an AI automates physical or cognitive labor otherwise performed by human beings and commits an error. Healthcare administration is an industry ripe for responsibility gaps produced by these kinds of AI. The moral stakes of healthcare are often life and death, and the demand for reducing clinical uncertainty while standardizing care incentivizes the development and integration of AI diagnosticians and prognosticators. In this paper, we argue that (1) responsibility gapsaregenerated by “black box” healthcare AI, (2) the presence of responsibility gaps (if unaddressed) creates serious moral problems, (3) a suitable solution is for relevant stakeholders to voluntarilyresponsibilizethe gaps, taking on some moral responsibility for things they are not, strictly speaking, blameworthy for, and (4) should this solution be taken, black box healthcare AI will be permissible in the provision of healthcare.