Invaders are not a random selection of species
Invaders are not a random selection of species
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DOI：
10.1007/s10530-009-9498-0
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发表时间：
2009-11-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Olenin, Sergej
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Karatayev, Alexander Y.;Burlakova, Lyubov E.;Olenin, Sergej
我们收集了北美和欧洲的119种淡水大型无脊椎动物入侵物种的信息，并将它们与北美和欧洲的所有本地淡水物种进行了比较。我们在分类群（门或纲）、水质要求和摄食习惯中测试了入侵者是随机的还是选择的群体。我们发现淡水大型无脊椎动物入侵物种不是随机选择的，而是以软体动物和甲壳类动物为代表，而原生群落的分类丰富度以昆虫为主。北美超过35%的原生水生无脊椎动物只能生活在水质优良或极好的地区，不能忍受有机污染。相比之下，所有的入侵者都能忍受至少中等程度的有机污染。在食性分布上，外来物种与外来无脊椎动物之间存在显著差异：外来物种的采食者（含悬浮食性）数量是原生无脊椎动物的2.5 ~ 3倍，捕食者数量是原生无脊椎动物的3 ~ 4倍。外来物种的持续传播影响了所选分类群的生物多样性，使群落对有机污染的耐受性增强，并增加了悬浮食饵的数量，从而增强了入侵者高密度水体的底栖-中上层耦合。由于这些过程在欧洲和北美非常相似，我们认为观察到的模式可能具有共同的全球效应。
We assembled information on 119 species of freshwater macroinvertebrate invaders in North America and Europe, and compared them to all native freshwater species in North America and Europe. We tested whether the invaders were a random or selected group among taxa (phylum or class), water quality requirements, and feeding habit. We found that freshwater macroinvertebrate invaders are not a random selection of species, and are over-represented by molluscs and crustaceans, while taxa richness of native communities are dominated by insects. Over 35% of native species of aquatic invertebrates in North America are only able to live in areas with excellent or very good water quality, and are intolerant of organic pollution. In contrast, all invaders are tolerant of at least moderate amounts of organic pollution. There was a significant difference in the distribution of feeding habits between native species and invaders: collector-filterers (including suspension feeders) were 2.5-3 times more abundant, and predators were 3-4 times less abundant among invaders than among native invertebrates. The ongoing spread of exotic species affects the biodiversity of selected taxa, shifts communities toward greater tolerance of organic pollution and increases the numbers of suspension feeders, thereby enhancing benthic pelagic coupling in waterbodies with high densities of invaders. Because these processes are very similar in Europe and North America, we suggest that the observed patterns may have a common global effect.