Global health burden and needs of transgender populations: a review.
Global health burden and needs of transgender populations: a review.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(16)00684-x
复制
发表时间：
2016-07-23
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Baral SD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reisner SL;Poteat T;Keatley J;Cabral M;Mothopeng T;Dunham E;Holland CE;Max R;Baral SD
跨性别者是一个多样化的人群，受到高、中、低收入环境中各种负面健康指标的影响。研究一致表明，这一人群中不良健康后果的发生率很高，包括艾滋病毒和其他性传播感染、精神健康困扰以及药物使用和滥用。然而，许多其他健康领域仍然研究不足，缺乏基于人群的代表性样本和纵向研究，对变性人群健康的常规监测工作很少。一般调查中缺乏用于识别跨性别受访者的调查项目，这往往限制了估计健康不平等程度和描述全球跨性别人群健康状况的数据的可用性。尽管存在局限性，但有足够的数据突出了跨性别者健康风险和风险的独特生物，行为，社会和结构背景因素。为了减轻这些风险并促进复原力，需要采取一种综合方法，包括将性别平等作为公共卫生框架，改善卫生系统和获得高质量数据的医疗保健，并与当地跨性别社区有效合作，以确保方案的响应性和文化特异性。跨性别健康强调了在流行病学研究和更广泛的公共卫生监测中明确考虑性和性别途径的必要性。
Transgender people are a diverse population affected by a variety of negative health indicators across high, middle, and low income settings. Studies consistently document high prevalence of adverse health outcomes in this population, including HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), mental health distress, and substance use and abuse. However, many other health areas remain understudied, population-based representative samples and longitudinal studies are lacking, and routine surveillance efforts for transgender population health are scarce. The absence of survey items with which to identify transgender respondents in general surveys often limits availability of data to estimate the magnitude of health inequities and characterize transgender population-level health globally. Despite limitations, there are sufficient data highlighting the unique biological, behavioral, social, and structural contextual factors surrounding health risks and resiliencies for transgender people. To mitigate these risks and foster resilience, a comprehensive approach is needed that includes gender affirmation as a public health framework, improved health systems and access to healthcare informed by high quality data, and effectively partnering with local transgender communities to ensure responsiveness of and cultural specificity in programming. Transgender health underscores the need to explicitly consider sex and gender pathways in epidemiologic research and public health surveillance more broadly.