The physiology of neural injury and regeneration: The role of neurotrophic factors
The physiology of neural injury and regeneration: The role of neurotrophic factors
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jcomdis.2010.04.003
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发表时间：
2010-07-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Gordon, Tessa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gordon, Tessa
受伤的神经再生缓慢，而且往往需要长距离。再生神经与去神经靶建立功能性连接的延长时间延长了神经元与靶的隔离时间（慢性轴突切断术）和远端神经通路中的雪旺细胞的去神经时间（慢性去神经）。在动物模型中，我们证明了长时间的轴突切断和慢性去神经严重降低神经元的再生能力至10%以下。同时减少神经营养因子，包括脑和胶质源性神经营养因子（BDNF和GDNF）在轴突切断的神经元和失神经的雪旺细胞，表明这些因素是需要维持神经再生。发现外源性BDNF和GDNF并没有增加新鲜切断和修复的大鼠神经中再生轴突的神经元数量，但在慢性轴突切断后确实显著增加了数量，与以下观点一致，即在轴突切断的运动神经元和去神经支配的雪旺细胞中有足够的内源性神经营养因子供应来支持神经再生，但是当靶神经再生时，必须补充减少的供应。耽搁了此外，研究结果表明，BDNF是必不可少的有效性，短暂的低频电刺激，促进神经生长，提供了进一步的支持BNDF在运动神经regeneration.Learning成果的核心作用：这篇文章的读者将获得一个了解的基础上，周围神经损伤功能不良的结果，即使手术修复是可能的。(C)2010年爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
Injured nerves regenerate slowly and often over long distances. Prolonged periods for regenerating nerves to make functional connections with denervated targets prolong the period of isolation of the neurons from the target (chronic axotomy) and of the denervation of Schwann cells in the distal nerve pathways (chronic denervation). In an animal model, we demonstrated that prolonged axotomy and chronic denervation severely reduce the regenerative capacity of neurons to less to 10%. Concurrent reduction in neurotrophic factors, including brain- and glial-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF and GDNF) in axotomized neurons and denervated Schwann cells, suggest that these factors are required to sustain nerve regeneration. Findings that exogenous BDNF and GDNF did not increase numbers of neurons that regenerate their axons in freshly cut and repaired rat nerves, but did increase the numbers significantly after chronic axotomy, are consistent with the view that there is sufficient endogenous neurotrophic factor supply in axotomized motoneurons and denervated Schwann cells to support nerve regeneration but that the reduced supply must be supplemented when target rein nervation is delayed. In addition, findings that BDNF is essential for the effectiveness of brief low frequency electrical stimulation in promoting nerve growth, provides further support for a central role of BNDF in motor nerve regeneration.Learning outcomes: Readers of this article will gain an understanding of the basis for poor functional outcomes of peripheral nerve injuries, even when surgical repair is possible. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.