How substance use differs among American secondary schools
How substance use differs among American secondary schools
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DOI：
10.1007/s11121-006-0050-5
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发表时间：
2006-12-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Kumar, Revathy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O'Malley, Patrick M.;Johnston, Lloyd D.;Kumar, Revathy
本研究的目的是检查（1）在何种程度上，学生药物使用和相关措施在美国中学之间的差异，以及（2）如何物质使用不同的学校之间的某些学校的特点。数据来自“监测未来”项目对1991 - 2002年全国8、10和12年级学生的年度代表性样本调查。结果表明，毒品使用和相关变量的主要差异存在于学校内部，只有相对少量的差异存在于学校之间。虽然差异主要存在于学校内部，但在学生接触药物使用的程度上，学校与学校之间仍然存在重要差异，对学校特征的分析表明，学校确实在学生使用药物方面存在差异，特别是学校类型，社会经济地位和种族/民族。公立学校八年级和十年级（但不是十二年级）的学生比私立学校的学生更有可能吸烟。公立中学的学生使用酒精和大麻的风险更高;然而，在12年级学生中，天主教学校的学生风险更高。学校规模一般与药物使用无关，很少有例外。在大多数情况下，学校社会经济地位和学生物质使用之间的负相关，在8年级，但到12年级，该协会往往是积极的或不显着。种族/民族构成与学生物质使用显著相关，大多数非裔美国人学校通常在所有年级显示出最低的使用率。
The purpose of this study was to examine (1) the extent to which student drug use and related measures vary among American secondary schools, and (2) how substance use varies among schools by certain school characteristics. Data come from the Monitoring the Future project's annual surveys of nationally representative samples of 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students from 1991 to 2002.The results show that the preponderance of variance in drug use and related variables lies within schools; only a relatively small amount of variance is between schools. Although the variance lies primarily within schools, there remain important school-to-school differences in the extent to which students are exposed to drug use.The analyses of school characteristics show that schools do indeed differ in drug use by their students, particularly by school type, socioeconomic status, and race/ethnicity. Eighth and 10th grade (but not 12th grade) students in public schools are more likely to be cigarette smokers than students in private schools. Students in public middle schools are at higher risk for use of alcohol and marijuana; however, among 12th graders, students in Catholic schools are at higher risk. School size is generally unrelated to substance use, with few exceptions. For the most part, there is a negative association between school socioeconomic status and student substance use among 8th graders; but by 12th grade, the association tends to be positive or not significant. Racial/ethnic composition is significantly associated with student substance use, with majority African American schools typically showing the lowest rates of use at all grades.