Geospatial simulations of airborne ice-penetrating radar surveying reveal elevation under-measurement bias for ice-sheet bed topography

Geospatial simulations of airborne ice-penetrating radar surveying reveal elevation under-measurement bias for ice-sheet bed topography
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机载透冰雷达测量的地理空间模拟揭示了冰盖床地形的高程欠测量偏差

DOI:
10.1017/aog.2020.35
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Graham, Alastair G.
Graham, Alastair G.
中科院分区:
地球科学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bartlett, Oliver T.;Palmer, Steven J.;Schroeder, Dustin M.;MacKie, Emma J.;Barrows, Timothy T.;Graham, Alastair G.

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航空无线电回波测深(RES)被广泛应用于冰盖地形测量。尽可能准确和广泛地测量床地形对于模拟冰动力学,从而更好地约束未来冰对气候变化的响应至关重要。地磁测量的测量精度受地层几何形状和测量设计的双重影响。在这里,我们开发了一种新的方法来模拟冰川地形上的RES调查,以量化导出的床高程对地形几何形状的敏感性。此外,我们还研究了测量误差如何影响冰川谷几何形状的量化。我们发现在RES测量中存在负偏差,其中非最低点返回测量误差通常为−1.8±11.6 m。地形高地比低地少测量一个数量级。因此,河谷深度和横截面积在很大程度上被低估了。虽然冰厚的总体估计值可能过高,但我们发现大的冰川谷横截面积被低估了- 2.8±18.1%。因此,如果不考虑这种影响,估计通过大型出口冰川的冰通量可能太低。此外,河床测量误差可能会影响我们对出口冰川稳定性的评价。
Airborne radio-echo sounding (RES) surveys are widely used to measure ice-sheet bed topography. Measuring bed topography as accurately and widely as possible is of critical importance to modelling ice dynamics and hence to constraining better future ice response to climate change. Measurement accuracy of RES surveys is influenced both by the geometry of bed topography and the survey design. Here we develop a novel approach for simulating RES surveys over glaciated terrain, to quantify the sensitivity of derived bed elevation to topographic geometry. Furthermore, we investigate how measurement errors influence the quantification of glacial valley geometry. We find a negative bias across RES measurements, where off-nadir return measurement error is typically −1.8 ± 11.6 m. Topographic highlands are under-measured an order of magnitude more than lowlands. Consequently, valley depth and cross-sectional area are largely under-estimated. While overall estimates of ice thickness are likely too high, we find large glacier valley cross-sectional area to be under-estimated by −2.8 ± 18.1%. Therefore, estimates of ice flux through large outlet glaciers are likely too low when this effect is not taken into account. Additionally, bed mismeasurements potentially impact our appreciation of outlet-glacier stability.
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