Contributions of epigenetic inheritance to the predisposition of major psychiatric disorders: Theoretical framework, evidence, and implications
Contributions of epigenetic inheritance to the predisposition of major psychiatric disorders: Theoretical framework, evidence, and implications
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104579
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发表时间：
2022-02-23
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Quevedo，Joao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Varela，Roger B.;Cararo，Jose Henrique;Quevedo，Joao
精神障碍的易感性似乎在生命的所有阶段都受到环境干扰的影响。表观遗传学被描述为基因和环境之间的关键“桥梁”，根据环境的影响塑造基因表达和表型。长期以来，人们认为表观遗传信息不能从一代传到下一代，然而，最近的证据表明，这些获得性变化可以在不同物种中代代相传，对人类也有影响。表观遗传机制的新证据正在改变关于信息如何以及哪些信息可以在几代人之间传递的概念，成为解释精神疾病相关信息如何遗传的一种有前途的理论。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论表观遗传的主要理论，介绍表观遗传在主要精神疾病中潜在作用的临床证据，以及对患者和动物模型的研究如何帮助描述精神分裂症、双相情感障碍、抑郁症、创伤后应激障碍、焦虑、物质使用障碍和自闭症这一过程的表观遗传机制和可能的靶点。
Susceptibility to psychiatric disorders seems to be influenced by environmental disturbances throughout all stages of life. Epigenetics is described as a key “bridge” between gene and environment, shaping gene expression and phenotype in response to environmental influences. For a long time, it was believed the epigenetic information could not be transmitted from one generation to the next, however, recent evidence has demonstrated that these acquired changes can be transmitted across generations in different species, with implications also for humans. The emerging evidence of epigenetic inheritance mechanisms is changing the concept of how and what information can be transferred across generations, rising as a promising theory to explain how psychiatric-related information can be inherited. In this review, we will discuss the main theory about epigenetic inheritance, present clinical evidence of its potential role in major psychiatric disorders, and how studies with patients and animal models have helped describe the epigenetic mechanisms and possible targets underlying this process in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, substance use disorder and autism.