EI24 tethers endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria to regulate autophagy flux

EI24 tethers endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria to regulate autophagy flux
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EI24 束缚内质网和线粒体来调节自噬通量

DOI:
10.1007/s00018-019-03236-9
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发表时间:
2019-07
影响因子:
8
通讯作者:
Xu Pingyong
Xu Pingyong
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Yuan Lin;Liu Qi;Wang Zhe;Hou Junjie;Xu Pingyong

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依托泊苷诱导蛋白2.4 (EI24)位于内质网(ER)膜上,被认为是一种必需的自噬蛋白。特异性消融神经元和肝组织中的EI24导致自噬通量不足。然而,ei24介导的自噬过程的分子机制尚不清楚。与神经元和肝细胞一样,胰腺β细胞也是分泌细胞。胰腺β细胞含有大量内质网,并不断合成和分泌胰岛素以维持血糖稳态。然而,EI24对胰腺β细胞自噬的影响尚未见报道。在这里,我们发现自噬过程在ei24缺陷的原代胰腺β细胞中受到抑制。进一步的机制研究表明,EI24在er -线粒体界面富集,并且EI24的c端结构域对线粒体相关膜(MAM)的完整性和自噬通量很重要。过表达EI24,而不表达EI24-ΔC突变体,可以挽救MAM的完整性,并降低EI24缺陷组中p62和LC3II的聚集。通过免疫沉淀后基于质谱的蛋白质组学,发现EI24与电压依赖性阴离子通道1 (VDAC1)、肌醇1,4,5-三磷酸受体(IP3R)和线粒体外膜伴侣GRP75相互作用。敲除EI24会损害IP3R与VDAC1的相互作用,表明这些蛋白可能形成一个四级复合物来调节MAM的完整性和自噬过程。
Etoposide-induced protein 2.4 (EI24), located on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, has been proposed to be an essential autophagy protein. Specific ablation of EI24 in neuronal and liver tissues causes deficiency of autophagy flux. However, the molecular mechanism of the EI24-mediated autophagy process is still poorly understood. Like neurons and hepatic cells, pancreatic β cells are also secretory cells. Pancreatic β cells contain large amounts of ER and continuously synthesize and secrete insulin to maintain blood glucose homeostasis. Yet, the effect of EI24 on autophagy of pancreatic β cells has not been reported. Here, we show that the autophagy process is inhibited in EI24-deficient primary pancreatic β cells. Further mechanistic studies demonstrate that EI24 is enriched at the ER–mitochondria interface and that the C-terminal domain of EI24 is important for the integrity of the mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) and autophagy flux. Overexpression of EI24, but not the EI24-ΔC mutant, can rescue MAM integrity and decrease the aggregation of p62 and LC3II in the EI24-deficient group. By mass spectrometry-based proteomics following immunoprecipitation, EI24 was found to interact with voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), and the outer mitochondrial membrane chaperone GRP75. Knockout of EI24 impairs the interaction of IP3R with VDAC1, indicating that these proteins may form a quaternary complex to regulate MAM integrity and the autophagy process.
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