A Mitochondrial Revelation of Early Human Migrations to the Tibetan Plateau Before and After the Last Glacial Maximum
A Mitochondrial Revelation of Early Human Migrations to the Tibetan Plateau Before and After the Last Glacial Maximum
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末次盛冰期前后早期人类向青藏高原迁徙的线粒体启示
DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.21350
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发表时间：
2010-12-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Li, Hui
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Qin, Zhendong;Yang, Yajun;Li, Hui
青藏高原是世界上海拔最高的高原，周围环绕着高耸的山脉，曾被认为是现代人类最后的聚居地之一。然而，在过去的60年里，考古学、语言学和遗传学的发现极大地改变了这一观点。然而，现代人类进入青藏高原的时间和路线仍然不清楚。为了弄清这些问题，我们对来自青藏高原9个不同地区的562名藏缅族居民进行了高分辨率mtDNA分析。通过研究mtDNA单倍型群分布及其主成分，我们证明了高原上的母系多样性主要反映了北方东亚血统。此外，基于31个完整的mtDNA序列的高原特定亚系的地理分析显示，两个主要组成部分：前末次盛冰期（LGM）的居民和后LGM移民。此外，对一个主要的前LGM亚系A10的分析表明，在青藏高原南部，LGM后（约15，000年前）的人口扩张和更大的多样性的强烈信号，表明在LGM期间气候急剧变化时，南部高原是一个避难所。美国物理人类学杂志143：555-569，2010。(C)2010 Wiley-Liss，Inc.
As the highest plateau surrounded by towering mountain ranges, the Tibetan Plateau was once considered to be one of the last populated areas of modern humans. However, this view has been tremendously changed by archeological, linguistic, and genetic findings in the past 60 years. Nevertheless, the timing and routes of entry of modern humans into the Tibetan Plateau is still unclear. To make these problems clear, we carried out high-resolution mitochondrial-DNA (mtDNA) analyses on 562 Tibeto-Burman inhabitants from nine different regions across the plateau. By examining the mtDNA haplogroup distributions and their principal components, we demonstrated that maternal diversity on the plateau reflects mostly a northern East Asian ancestry. Furthermore, phylogeographic analysis of plateau-specific sublineages based on 31 complete mtDNA sequences revealed two primary components: pre-last glacial maximum (LGM) inhabitants and post-LGM immigrants. Also, the analysis of one major pre-LGM sublineage A10 showed a strong signal of post-LGM population expansion (about 15,000 years ago) and greater diversity in the southern part of the Tibetan Plateau, indicating the southern plateau as a refuge place when climate dramatically changed during LGM. Am J Phys Anthropol 143:555-569, 2010. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.