The Reality of Food Deserts in a Large Japanese City and Their Resolution Using Urban Agriculture
The Reality of Food Deserts in a Large Japanese City and Their Resolution Using Urban Agriculture
复制标题
日本大城市粮食沙漠的现实及其利用都市农业的解决方案
DOI：
10.1007/978-981-287-417-7_18
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Yoshifumi Ikejima
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yoshifumi Ikejima
“食物沙漠”一词是指在物质上和/或经济上难以获得新鲜食物的贫困地区。食品沙漠中的消费者很难获得食品零售商和营养食品，因此他们可能会因为有限的新鲜食品而面临健康风险。目前，许多发达国家都出现了食物沙漠：英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚和新西兰。本文调查了日本大城市横滨市霍多加亚区是否形成了食物沙漠。为了估计有多少人处于食物沙漠中，我们使用GIS绘制了当地食品商店和居民的精确位置：食物沙漠地图。根据地理信息系统的分析，大约有78 000人难以获得新鲜食物，其中包括17 000名65岁及以上的人。这意味着霍多加亚区高达35%的居民生活在食物沙漠中。在此基础上，本文提出了利用当地资源的新解决方案：都市农业和农产品产地，并通过制作农产品产地分布图，估算了食物沙漠中有多少人可以方便地从农产品产地获得新鲜食物，以验证都市农业的有效性。根据这一计算，约有25 000人，其中5 500人是老年人，可以利用附近的农产品销售点缓解他们获得新鲜食品的有限机会。因此，城市农业可以有效地对抗粮食沙漠：城市农业被称为对抗粮食沙漠的“农业绿洲”。
The term “food desert” is a disadvantaged area with relatively poor physical and/or economic access to fresh food. Consumers in a food desert have difficulty accessing food retailers and nutritious food, so they may potentially have health risks from their limited physical access to fresh food. Currently, food deserts have occurred in many developed countries: the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. This paper surveys whether food deserts have formed in a large Japanese city, Hodogaya ward in Yokohama City. To estimate how many people were in a food desert, we used GIS to map the precise locations of local food stores and residents: the food desert map. As a result of GIS analysis, roughly 78,000 people have poor access to fresh food, including 17,000 or so aged 65 years and over. This means that up to 35 % of residents in Hodogaya ward live in a food desert. Then, this paper proposes new resolution that utilizes local resources: urban agriculture and produce stand. To test the effectiveness of urban agriculture, we made the produce stand location map and estimated how many people in the food desert had easy access to fresh food from produce stands. As a result of this calculation, approximately 25,000 people, 5,500 of them elderly, can alleviate their limited access to fresh food using a nearby agricultural outlet. Therefore, urban agriculture can be effective against food deserts: urban agriculture is referred to as an “agri-oasis” against a food desert.