EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON SLUG-PLANT INTERACTIONS III. DIFFERENCES IN THE ACCEPTABILITY OF INDIVIDUAL PLANTS OF TRIFOLIUM REPENS TO SLUGS AND SNAILS
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON SLUG-PLANT INTERACTIONS III. DIFFERENCES IN THE ACCEPTABILITY OF INDIVIDUAL PLANTS OF TRIFOLIUM REPENS TO SLUGS AND SNAILS
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蛞蝓-植物相互作用的实验研究 III。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1982
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Gwynedd Ll
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Dirzo;J. Harper;Gwynedd Ll
摘要(1)研究了白三叶单株对四种鼻涕和蜗牛的可接受性差异。(2)在田间和实验室用软体动物进行的试验表明，氰化物的生成显著减少，但不能完全防止对三叶草叶片的伤害。(3)在活动软体动物密度高的区域，生氰形态过多，而在活动软体动物密度低的区域，生氰形态过多。(4)取食生菜单调饲料的鼻涕虫生长速度明显快于取食产氰或无氰三叶草叶片单调饲料的蚯蚓。喂食生氰叶片的鼻涕虫比喂食无氰叶片的鼻涕虫活重增加略小，或体重下降得更快。(5)蚯蚓消化道匀浆与含有氰基葡萄糖苷但缺乏水解酶的三叶草叶片发生了生氰反应，但与含有糖苷但没有酶的植物进行的放牧试验表明，三叶草中必须同时存在酶和糖苷，才能阻止动物取食。(6)这些信息被解释为软体动物-三叶草相互作用的一种可能的共同进化途径。然而，有人认为，如果共同进化的解释不包括植物和动物都经历了交互选择的证据，那么它们可能是不够的。如果三叶草-软体动物系统是共同进化的，那么令人惊讶的是，控制酶和糖苷合成的基因是独立的。
SUMMARY (1) Differences in the acceptability of individual plants of Trifolium repens (white clover) to four species of slug and snail were investigated. (2) Trials with molluscs, both in the field and in the laboratory, showed that cyanogenesis markedly reduced but did not wholly prevent damage to the clover leaves. (3) In areas of high density of active molluscs the cyanogenic morphs were overrepresented, while in areas of low density of active molluscs, the acyanogenic morphs were over-represented. (4) Slugs fed on monotonous diets of lettuce grew considerably faster than did those feeding on monotonous diets of either cyanogenic or acyanogenic clover leaves. Slugs fed on cyanogenic leaves made slightly smaller live-weight gains, or lost weight faster, than did those fed on acyanogenic leaves. (5) Homogenates of the digestive tract of slugs produced cyanogenic reactions with those clover leaves that possessed cyanoglucosides but lacked hydrolysing enzymes, but grazing trials with plants that contained the glucoside but not the enzyme showed that both the enzyme and the glucoside must be present in the clover for the animal to be deterred from feeding. (6) The information obtained is interpreted to suggest a possible co-evolutionary pathway of the mollusc-clover interaction. It is suggested, however, that co-evolutionary interpretations can be inadequate if they do not include evidence that both the plant and the animal have undergone reciprocating selection. If the clover-mollusc system is co-evolved, it is surprising that the genes controlling production of the enzyme and of the glucoside assort independently.