Changing Delay Discounting and Impulsive Choice: Implications for Addictions, Prevention, and Human Health.
Changing Delay Discounting and Impulsive Choice: Implications for Addictions, Prevention, and Human Health.
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改变延迟折扣和冲动选择：对成瘾、预防和人类健康的影响。
DOI：
10.1007/s40614-019-00200-7
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Madden,GregoryJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rung,JillianM;Peck,Sara;Hinnenkamp,Jay;Preston,Emma;Madden,GregoryJ
延迟贴现描述了贬低延迟后果或未来前景的趋势。个体对延迟事件的折扣程度似乎与特质相似，因为它在时间和功能相似的情况下是稳定的。大幅度降低延迟奖励与大多数物质使用障碍、这些障碍的严重程度、药物使用的复发率以及许多其他影响人类健康的适应不良决定相关。纵向数据表明，陡峭的延迟折扣和高水平的冲动选择可以预测随后的药物服用，这表明（尽管没有建立）减少延迟折扣可能具有预防性的健康促进作用。实验操作，产生短暂或持久的延迟折扣或冲动的选择减少进行审查，并讨论这些影响的行为机制。每个操作技术的缺点进行了讨论，并确定了未来的研究领域。尽管还有很多工作要做，但很明显，冲动性决策是可以减少的，尽管它在其他方面具有类似特质的品质。这样的发现会带来技术改进、转化研究和希望。
Delay discounting describes the tendency to devalue delayed consequences or future prospects. The degree to which an individual discounts delayed events appears trait-like in that it is stable over time and across functionally similar situations. Steeply discounting delayed rewards is correlated with most substance-use disorders, the severity of these disorders, rates of relapse to drug use, and a host of other maladaptive decisions affecting human health. Longitudinal data suggest steep delay discounting and high levels of impulsive choice are predictive of subsequent drug taking, which suggests (though does not establish) that reducing delay discounting could have a preventive health-promoting effect. Experimental manipulations that produce momentary or long-lasting reductions in delay discounting or impulsive choice are reviewed, and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie these effects are discussed. Shortcomings of each manipulation technique are discussed and areas for future research are identified. Although much work remains, it is clear that impulsive decision making can be reduced, despite its otherwise trait-like qualities. Such findings invite technique refinement, translational research, and hope.